C)vVT^ 


^■^i^: 


EDUCATION  PAYS 


James,  Kerns  &  Abbott  Co. 
portland,  oregon 


Number  jjj     Issued  Setni-Monlhly     July  /,  ig20 

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiniiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiM 


Oregon   Agricultural   College 
Bulletin 


EDUCATION   PAYS 


CORVALLIS,   OREGON 


Entered  as  second  class  matter  May  9,  1916,  at  the  postoffice  at 
Corvallis,  Oregon,  Under  the  Act  of  August  24,  1912, 


SCIENCE   HALL   FROM   THE  ELMS   WALK 


GAINS   FROM  HIGHER  EDUCATION 

^^Higher  education  has  paced  the  march  of  civilization  through  the  centuries^  and 
laid  the  foundations  of  the  modern  world.  Harvey,  a  university  scholar,  discovered 
the  circulation  of  the  blood  and  opened  up  a  new  era  in  medicine  and  surgery.  Sir  Isaac 
Newton,  at  Trinity  College,  disclosed  the  theory  of  gravitation,  and  established  a  new 
basis  for  the  study  of  the  universe.  Pasteur,  a  product  of  modern  scholarship,  in  our 
own  generation  demonstrated  the  work  of  bacteria,  and  thereby  made  possible  the  saving 
of  countless  human  lives.  Chemistry,  the  child  of  the  college  laboratory,  is  the  special 
handmaiden  of  modern  industry.  Nineteen  of  the  great  industries  of  this  country  rest 
fundamentally  and  entirely  on  chemistry.  Ten  thousand  American  chemists  today  are 
employed  in  occupations  affecting  the  work  of  a  million  wage  earners,  turning  out 
products  valued  at  more  than  five  billion  dollars.  The  chemist  has  produced  over  lOO 
useful  products  from  corn,  which  without  his  skill  would  never  have  been  known. 
He  joined  hands  with  his  fellozv  scientists  and  with  the  engineers  in  the  winning  of  the 
world  war,  and  has  since  become,  with  them,  one  of  the  strongest  factors  in  economic 
reconstruction. 

^^ Every  dollar  invested  wisely  in  education  returns  to  the  people  ayi  hundred  fold, 
not  alone  in  training  for  the  duties  of  life,  but  in  the  advancement  of  economic  interests. 
It  cost  $2^0,000  to  send  trained  specialists,  educated  in  the  colleges  of  this  country,  to 
different  arid  regio7is  of  other  countries  to  find  drought-resisting  varieties  of  grain 
adapted  to  dry  climates.  The  result  of  their  investigations  was  the  introduction  into 
this  country  of  Durum  wheat,  which  produces  an  annual  gain  of  more  than  $2jo,ooo. 
Thus  the  introduction  of  this  one  variety  of  wheat  increases  the  wealth  of  the  country 
each  year  by  more  than  the  total  cost  of  its  introduction. 

^'It  cost  $200,000  to  introduce  rice  culture  into  California;  but  the  value  of  that  rice 
crop  today  is  $21,000,000  a  year.  It  cost  $40,000  to  introduce  Egyptian  cotton  into 
this  country,  but  the  value  each  year  today  is  $20,000,000.  A  few  years  ago  the  industry 
of  hog  raising  was  threatened  with  absolute  destruction  by  the  ravages  of  hog  cholera. 
The  discovery  of  the  serum  for  controlling  this  dread  disease  has  resulted  in  reducing  the 
loss  from  hog  cholera  by  more  than  $40,000,000  a  year.  These  are  but  single  instances 
among  many  illustrating  the  enormous  gains  from  investments  in  higher  education. 

^'Come  home  to  our  ozun  state.  The  fruit  industry  of  this  entire  western  country 
was  threatened  only  a  decade  or  two  ago  by  pests  that  baffled  the  efforts  of  the  growers. 
Dean  Cordley,  of  the  Oregon  Agricultural  College,  then  a  specialist  in  entomology, 
developed  the  lime-sulfur  spray,  and  demonstrated  its  efficacious  control  of  San  Jose 
scale,  scab,  twig  miner,  bud  moth,  aphids,  and  other  pests  of  the  orchard.  As  a  result 
of  these  investigations,  lime-sulfur  not  only  proved  the  means  of  saving  the  fruit  industry 
of  the  Pacific  Northwest,  but  became  the  standard  means  of  control  in  orchards  every- 
where.    That  one  discovery  alone  saves  to  Oregon  every  year  at  least  a  million  dollars. 


"/  could  tell  you  of  how  other  single  lines  of  work  carried  on  by  the  College  have 
brought  to  Oregon  more  money  than  the  entire  annual  cost  of  the  staters  institutions  of 
higher  learning.  The  saving  of  the  wheat  crop  from  destruction  last  year  in  five  Oregon 
counties  amounted  to  $1,116,000.  In  Hood  River  orchards,  the  control  of  codling- 
moth.,  according  to  careful  estimates  made  under  the  auspices  of  the  fruit  organizations 
of  the  Valley,  resulted  in  a  saving  of  more  than  $^20,000,  while  other  control  and  fertilizer 
projects  raised  the  gains  to  two  million  dollars.  The  use  of  sulfur  as  a  fertilizer  on 
certain  alfalfa  lands  in  Southern  and  Eastern  Oregon  has  resulted  in  enormous  gains; 
and  recent  soil  surveys  show  that  sulfur  may  be  applied  with  equal  profit  on  200,000 
acres  of  alfalfa  land  at  a  gain  of  two  million  dollars.^'' — W.  J .  Kerr,  President  Oregon 
Agricultural  College. 

A  young  Philippino  at  O.  A.  C,  majoring  in  soils  and  soil  chemistry,  developed  such  skill  and 
insight  in  his  field  of  work  that,  on  his  graduation  he  was  employed  in  important  scientific  investigations 
at  an  initial  salary  of  $120  a  month.  Opportunity  at  a  state  institution  is  open  to  everyone,  regardless 
of  race,  color  or  any  other  consideration  but  merit. 


THE  NEW  ENGINEERING   LABORATORY,  NEARING   COMPLETION 

4 


EDUCATION  PAYS 

''Comparatively  few  are  aware  of  the  close  relation  between  education  and  the  production  of  wealth,  and 
probably  fewer  still  understand  fully  the  extent  to  which  the  wealth  and  the  wealth-producing  power  of  any 
people  depend  on  the  quantity  and  quality  of  education.  The  people  themselves  and  their  representatives  in 
tax-levying  bodies  need  to  be  shown  that  no  other  form  of  investment  yields  so  large  dividends  in  material 
wealth  as  do  investments  in  popular  education,  and  that  comparative  poverty  is  not  to  be  pleaded  as  a  reason 
for  withholding  the  means  of  education,  but  rather  as  a  reason  for  supplying  it  in  larger  proportion." — P.  P. 
Claxton,  U.  S.  Commission  of  Education,  iQry. 

n  D 


FOR  THE  STATE 

Education  pays.  We  have  always  been  vaguely  aware  that  this  is  true  in 
respect  to  the  broadening  and  deepening  of  personality  and  the  elevation  of  ideals. 
We  have  freely  acknowledged  that  for  the  youth  who  could  aiford  it  education, 
especially  college  education,  brought  its  priceless  rewards  of  the 
spirit,  its  larger  opportunities  for  happiness  and  service.  But  we 
have  rarely  concerned  ourselves  with  the  thought  that  modern 
educational  training  not  only  directly  promotes  industrial  effi- 
ciency but  also  increases  material  wealth.  Yet  this  is  equally 
true,  and  is  much  more  readily  demonstrated.  It  follows  that  the  education  of 
the  poor  boy  is  even  more  vital  and  necessary  than  that  of  the  well-to-do.  It  is 
more  vital  to  individual  success  because  the  boy,  having  no  reserve  funds,  must 
rely  more  directly  upon  his  personal  resources;  and  more  vital  to  the  community 
because  the  question  of  his  economic  contribution  to  society  depends  more  largely 
upon  his  personal  efficiency. 


Education  a 
Community 
Investment 


The  great  war  revealed  the  power  of  education.  It  revealed  also  the  limita- 
tions of  certain  types  of  education.  As  the  war  progressed,  nations  began  a 
searching  and  profound  study  of  their  educational  systems.     All,  even  in  the  midst 

of  the  most  pressing  obligations,  undertook  vast  new  projects  for 
National  Power  the  education  of  their  youths.  As  crisis  followed  crisis,  adminis- 
Determined  trators  and  educators  got  a  clearer  vision  of  the  permanent  values 

by  Education        jj^  education.     The  immediate  and  splendid  service  of  industrial 

and  technical  training  was  apparent.  But  equally  impressive  was 
the  value  of  independent  thinking,  the  quick  response  of  initiative  to  new  and 
unexpected  situations,  and  the  unflagging  courage  to  presevere  in  the  face  of 
reverses. 


The  war,  in  a  word,  took  the  measure  of  the  national  education  of  every  one 
of  the  combatants.  It  emphasized  their  outstanding  excellencies,  and  sooner  or 
later  it  betrayed  their  weaknesses  and  their  shortcomings.     What  at  first  appeared 

dazzling  triumphs  of  organization  and  discipline,  for  instance,  soon 
The  War  Tried  proved  to  be  only  a  pitiful  lock-step  system  that  left  its  victims 
Out  Education     helpless  in  every  critical  situation  where  immediate  contact  with 

the  taskmaster  was  lost.  What  at  the  start  looked  like  muddling 
insubordination  and  a  tendency  to  question  every  proposal  of  authority,  proved 
in  the  long  run  to  be  only  an  honest  expression  of  the  type  of  sportsmanship  that 
wants  to  know  the  worst  as  well  as  the  best  in  order  to  bring  about  intelligent  and 
permanent  team  work.  What  in  the  beginning  was  looked  upon  as  raw,  undis- 
ciplined aggressiveness,  tipped  with  the  tinsel  of  idealism,  proved  in  the  long  and 
fiery  ordeal  from  Belleau  Wood  to  the  Argonne,  to  be  a  convincing  manifestation 
of  how  initiative,  fostered  in  the  classroom  and  laboratory,  could  hurl  a  national 
army  over  the  top,  and  how  young  boys,  drilled  in  the  ethics  of  the  gridiron,  keen 
to  win,  and  safe  in  their  conviction  of  a  high  cause,  could  wrest  a  victory  and  a 
world  decision  from  the  veterans  of  four  years  of  conquest. 


ADMINISTRATION  BUILDING  FROM  THE  LAWNS  TO  THE   NORTHEAST. 


The  behavior  of  American  school  and  college  boys  in  the  war  justified  in  every 
particular  the  judgment  of  the  Mosely  Commission  from  England,  published  in 
their  report  of  1904.  "When  we  get  closer  to  Americans"  the  Commission  declared 
"we  see  that  their  schools  are  turning  out  more  active,  business- 
like, hard-working,  enterprising  young  men  than  either  English 
or  German  schools — young  men  with  greater  ambition,  self- 
reliance,  and  a  greater  capacity  for  development,  equally  courage- 
ous in  work,  and  more  sober  in  their  lives,  with  a  higher  sense  of 
industrial  integrity,  and  all-round  greater  pleasure  in  effort,  and  better  humor  in 
adversity." 


American 
Education 
Stood  the  Test 


It  was  this  self-reliance,  enterprise,  zest  in  effort,  and  cheerfulness  in  adversity 
that  helped  force  a  decision  of  the  world  conflict  months  before  it  was  expected. 
While  certain  defects  in  American  education  as  a  whole  were  obvious  as  a  result 
of  the  war — notably  the  neglect  of  general  physical  training — yet 
Those  Who  Had  the  evidence  was  generally  conclusive,  that  American  public  edu- 
It  Were  cation  was  sound,  and  that  the  youths  who  had  really  got  the 

Efficient  benefit  of  this   education  were  remarkably  efficient.     The  chief 

trouble  was  that  too  many  of  the  men  had  had  little  or  none  of 
this  education.  The  system  was  sound;  it  had  done  its  work  well  with  those  who 
had  come  under  its  influence,  but  it  had  not  reached  them  all. 


W^hen  we  contrast  the  resourceful  eflRciency  of  the  educated  armies  of  America 
with  the  great  masses  of  unschooled  Russia,  for  instance,  the  greater  stamina  of 
the  educated  soldier  is  apparent.  After  the  weight  of  their  first  great  mass  attacks 
had  spent  itself,  the  hordes  of  Russia  fell  an  easy  prey  to  the 
blows  and  the  wiles  of  the  enemy.  Their  fate  was  as  tragic  and 
almost  as  ignominious  as  their  defeat  ten  years  earlier  at  the 
hands  of  the  educated  Japanese.  The  defeated  Russian  General, 
Kuropatkin,  explaining  the  earlier  defeats,  states  that  the  costly 
failures  of  Russia  were  due  to  the  ignorance  of  her  brave  but  untutored  army  and 
to  the  education  of  the  Japanese.     Writing  of  the  causes  of  defeat  he  said: 


Contrast 
Between 
Education  and 
Ignorance 


"The  non-commissioned  officers  in  the  Japanese  army  were  much  superior  to  ours,  on  account  of 
the  better  education  and  greater  intellectual  development  of  the  Japanese  common  people.  The  defects 
of  our  soldiers — both  regulars  and  reservists — were  the  defects  of  the  population  as  a  whole.  The 
peasants  were  imperfectly  developed  intellectually,  and  they  m.ade  soldiers  who  had  the  same  failing. 
The  intellectual  backwardness  of  our  soldiers  was  a  great  disadvantage  to  us,  because  war  now  requires 
far  more  intelligence  and  initiative,  on  the  part  of  the  soldier,  than  ever  before.  Our  men  fought 
heroically  In  compact  masses,  or  in  fairly  close  formation,  but  if  deprived  of  their  officers  they  were 
more  likely  to  fall  back  than  to  advance.  In  the  mass  we  had  immense  strength,  but  few  of  our  soldiers 
were  capable  of  fighting  intelligently  as  individuals." 


School  and 
College  Taught 
Initiative 


This  is  in  striking  contrast  to  the  behavior  of  American  youths  in  the  war. 

They  fought  with  remarkable  discipline  in  masses  under  immediate  command; 

but  it  was  the  special  glory  of  the  American  school  and  college  boy  that  when 
thrown  on  his  own  resources  he  kept  his  head  and  met  the  indi- 
vidual emergency.  His  whole  school  experience,  indoors  and  out, 
had  taught  him  the  worth  of  initiative.  Alertness  was  his  watch 
word,  and  in  the  grapple  of  school  contests  he  had  learned  that 
aggressiveness  is  the  price  of  victory.     His  achievements  in  the 

world  war  justified  the  estimate  of  the  experts  in  the  Mosely  Commission  that 

his  school  life  had  given  him  self-reliance,  industry,  courage,  and  a  fine  spirit  of 

cheerfulness  in  adversity. 

Hence  there  sprang  up  throughout  the  country  a  new  confidence  in  public 
education,  and  a  new  zeal  to  foster  it.  The  soldiers  themselves,  who  had  experi- 
enced the  impetus  of  special  training,  or  who  had  witnessed  its  effects  upon  their 
comrades,  were  quick  to  recognize  its  worth  and  to  seek  its  benefits. 
The  Federal  government  provided  a  comprehensive  system  of 
vocational  training  for  ex-service  men.  The  state  legislatures,  in 
many  instances,  provided  educational  advantages.  Chief  among 
these  for  constructive  benefit  was  the  Oregon  law  providing  a 
bonus  of  $25  a  month,  up  to  a  total  of  $200  for  any  one  year,  for  four  years,  to 
be  used  by  ex-service  men  of  the  state  in  securing  an  education  at  one  of  the  state 
high  schools  or  state  institutions  of  higher  learning.  The  influence  of  this  law, 
and  of  the  thousands  of  young  men  who  took  advantage  of  it,  was  naturally  very 
strong  in  stimulating  Interest  In  education  among  all  young  people,  and  among 
their  parents.  It  will  continue  to  exert  a  great  Influence,  directly,  for  at  least  the 
next  few  years,  and  Indirectly  for  many  years  to  come. 

A  practicing  engineer  writes  that  when  he  graduated  from  high  school  he  began  work  as  carriage 
painter,  then  began  engineering  studies  and  after  graduating  from  a  technical  college  took  up  the  practice 
of  engineering  at  an  income  four  times  his  salary  as  carriage  painter  and  with  much  greater  satisfaction 
in  his  work,  as  well  a  prospect  for  growth. 


And  Now  the 
Soldier  Seeks 
Education 


THE  HOME  ECONOMICS   BUILDING.      THE   CENTRAL   UNIT   IS   NOW  BEING   BUILT 


Schooling  and  production  go  hand  in  hand  in  the  complex  civilization  of  the 
modern  world.  The  satisfaction  of  people's  wants  becomes  constantly  more 
dependent  upon  the  arts  and  sciences.  Transporation,  becoming  more  and  more 
complex  and  rapid,  requires  a  higher  degree  of  skill  in  its  manage- 
ment. A  score  of  sciences  are  involved  to-day  in  the  relatively 
simple  processes  of  successful  production,  where  a  few  years  ago 
rule-of-thumb  was  the  sole  consideration.  The  farmer  of  to-day, 
no  longer  a  nomad,  roaming  as  he  once  did  from  a  region  of 
exhausted  soil  fertility  to  a  new  Eden  of  virgin  resources,  indiflPerent  to  all  records 
and  bookkeeping,  must  now  give  his  days  and  nights  to  a  study  of  chemistry,  crop 
rotation,  and  cost  accounting.  There  is  no  other  way  to  keep  off  the  wolves  of 
competition,  waste,  high  prices  of  land  and  materials,  and  the  glut  of  markets  at 
harvest  time. 


Schooling 
Increases 
Production 


Experts  in  economics  are  agreed  that  higher  production  regularly  results  from 
more  education,  and  that  the  surest  way  to  promote  community  progress  and 
Economists  Say  community  wealth  Is  to  foster  public  education,  not  simply  through 
Education  the  elementary  and  secondary  stages  but  on  Into  collegiate  courses 

Increases  as   well.      In    developing   the   fundamental    causes    of    increased 

Production  production,  Henry  Rogers  Seager,   In    his  book.  Introduction  to 

Economics,  places  education  among  the  first  and  most  persistent. 

"The  development  of  intelligence  and  judgment,"  he  writes,  "depends  largely  upon  education,  and 
here  undoubted  progress  has  been  made.     In  place  of  the  formal  and  traditional  methods  that  have 
prevailed  in  the  schools,  methods  having  direct  reference  to  the  organic  development  of  children  are 
beginning  to  be  introduced.     Moreover,   the  proportion  of  children  who  go  to 
Education  school  is  on  the  increase,  and  the  expenditures  that  modern  states  make  for  public 

Insures  Race  education  are  growing.     Nevertheless,  there  is  still  much  to  criticise  in  current 

Progress  educational  practices  and   in   the  short-sightedness  of  democratic  states  in  not 

contributing  even  more  liberally  to  the  support  of  education.     In  it  lies  the  hope 
of  the  future,  since  through  its  agency  the  standards  of  each  generation  of  children  are  elevated.    These 


NEW  ENGINEERING  LABORATORY  FROM  THE  SOUTHWEST. 


higher  standards  may  be  passed  on  to  the  next  generation  of  children  to  be  raised  still  further  in  the 
schools,  and  so  the  process  may  be  repeated  with  steady  progress  as  its  necessary  consequence.  If 
improving  educational  advantages  are  added  to  steadily  improving  home  surroundings,  the  advance 
of  the  race  cannot  fail  to  be  rapid." 

He  goes  so  far  as  to  say  that  industrial  capacity  can  be  measured,  generation  after  generation,  by 
the  educational  opportunities  enjoyed  by  the  children  and  youths.     "Education  being  such  an  important 

influence  in  moulding  industrial  capacity,"  he  continues,  "a  partial  explanation 
Industrial  of   differences   in    the   educational    capacity  must  be  sought  in  differences  in  the 

Capacity  Varies  educational  opportunities  that  are  offered  to  the  children  of  different  families. 
With  Education    Notwithstanding  the  self  sacrificing  devotion  of  nearly  all  parents  to  the  interests 

of  their  children,  and  notwithstanding  improvements  in  free  public  educational 
institutions,  such  differences  are  still  great,  even  in  the  United  States. 

"If  education  is  so  important  a  cause  of  the  differences  in  the  earning  powers  of  different  men, 

and   if   acquiring   education    is   simply  one  way  of  investing  capital  for  a  future 

Then  Why  Limit  return,  how  does  it  come  about  that  more  capital  is  not  invested  in  this  way.''    The 

Education?  answer  is  simple.     Those  to  whom  the  education  would  be    invaluable   are   too 

young  or  too  ignorant  to  appreciate  the  fact  or  are  without  the  capital  to  invest. 

Their  parents  are  also  without  capital  and  have,  moreover,  a  less  direct  personal  interest  in  the  result. 


THE  LAWNS  BELOW   ADMINISTRATION   BUILDING. 
10 


"J'hosc  needing  education  cannot,  as  minors,  legally  contract,  nor  can  their  parents  bind  tliein, 
except  within  certain  limits,  during  the  period  of  their  minority.   It  follows  that  for 
Capital  in  all  but  the  children  of  the  wealthy  such  education   as  is  enjoyed  must  be  public 

Education  Yields  and  free,     t'or  the  community  as  a  whole,  the  investment  of  capital    in    cduca- 
Big  Returns  tional  opportunities  tending  to  add  to  the  industrial  capacity  of  boys  and  girls 

is  a  certain  means  of  adding  to  the  collective  wealth.    Capital  so  used    .    .    .    yields 
a  princely  return  and  will  continue  to  do  so." 

That  the  people  of  Oregon  are  aware  of  this  significant  fact,  as  well  as  of 
other  high  considerations  for  giving  educational  opportunity  to  the  youths  of  the 
state,  was  abundantly  shown  by  their  action  at  the  elections  of  May  21,  1920. 
By  a  generous  vote  all  over  the  state  they  passed  the  two-mill 
measure  for  the  support  of  the  elementary  schools.  By  an  over- 
whelming majority,  running  in  certain  districts  as  high  as  eight 
to  one,  and  including  every  important  district  of  Oregon,  they 
added  a  tax  of  one  and  twenty-six  hundredths  mills  to  the  annual 
appropriations  for  the  three  state  institutions  of  higher  learning.  They  thus 
granted  to  their  State  University,  their  State  Agricultural  College,  and  their  State 
Normal  School,  which  had  been  receiving  since  191 5  an  annual  income  of  seventy- 
four  hundredths  of  a  mill  on  the  assessed  valuation  of  the  state,  an  aggregate 
income  of  two  mills.  This  is  divided  among  the  three  institutions,  chiefly  on  a  basis 
of  enrollment,  in  the  proportion  of  0.8143  mills  to  the  University  of  Oregon,  o.  1000 
mill  to  the  Oregon  Normal  School,  and  1.0857  mills  to  the  Oregon  Agricultural 
College.  An  assessed  valuation  of  a  billion  dollars,  which  is  the  estimate  for  1920, 
would  thus  yield  ^2,000,000  for  the  support  of  the  three  institutions,  the  University 
receiving  ^814,300,  the  Oregon  Normal  School  $100,000,  and  the  Oregon  Agri- 
cultural College  $1,085,700. 


Oregon  Makes 
the  Great 
Investment 


INSPECTION  DAY  PARADE  ON  THE  LOWER  CAMPUS. 


While  the  sum  granted  to  the  College,  like  the  sums  granted  the  other  insti- 
tutions, is  under  present  conditions  no  more  than  necessary  to  maintain  the  effi- 
ciency of  the  institution  and  meet  the  increase  in  enrollment,  it  is  adequate.     It 

will  continue  to  be  so.  It  guarantees  the  integrity  of  the  institu- 
She  Guarantees  tion  in  a  situation  that  had  become  critical.  It  insures  its  growth 
the  Future  of  in  the  future.  It  makes  possible  an  exact  and  sustained  policy 
Her  Institutions  ^f  development,  scientifically  worked  out  and  definitely  distributed 

over  a  term  of  years.  It  means,  in  short,  a  greater  and  more  posi- 
tive program  in  the  service  of  the  state.  And  best  of  all  it  means  that  the  doors 
of  opportunity  are  open  wide  to  all  the  youths  of  Oregon — without  tuition,  with- 
out restriction  as  to  numbers,  and  without  other  limitation  than  the  usual  require- 
ment that  the  student  shall  be  prepared  to  undertake  the  course  that  he  elects. 

^^  There  has  been  introduced  such  complexity  into  modern  business  and  such  a  high  degree  of  specialization 
that  the  young  man  who  begins  without  the  foundation  of  an  exceptional  training  is  in  da^iger  of  remaining 
a  mere  clerk  or  bookkeeper.''^ — Frank  A.  Vanderlip. 


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APPERSON  HALL  DRIVEWAY 
12 


The  State  Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  tells  us  that  practically  eighty 
percenljof  all  the  pupils  finishing  thegrammar  grades  in  Oregon  go  on  into  the  state 
high  schools,  and  that  fifty-five  percent  of  the  students  entering  high  school  pursue 
their  courses  to  graduation.  This  is  a  remarkably  high  percentage 
Oregon  Youths  of  progress  through  the  schools.  The  proportion  of  high  school 
Surpass  in  graduates    at   the   state    institutions   of   higher    learning   is    also 

Schooling  remarkably  high,  not  surpassed,  it  is  believed,  by  any  other  state 

in  the  Union.  Thus  the  enthusiasm  for  education  is  seen  to  be 
already  very  keen.  It  will  be  keener  under  the  impulse  of  the  new  law  in  behalf 
of  higher  education.  For  Oregon  is  at  the  beginning  of  a  splendid  period  of  educa- 
tional development,  her  elementary  schools  adequately  financed,  her  great  system 
of  high  schools  thoroughly  standardized,  and  her  institutions  of  higher  learning 
linked  together  in  a  solidarity  of  effort  in  the  performance  of  their  peculiar  func- 
tions at  the  head  of  the  educational  system  of  the  state. 

^^The  enlarged  scope  of  business  is  demanding  better  trained  men,  who  understand  principles. ^^ — Frank 
A.  Vanderlip. 


SHEPARD  HALL  AND^MINES  BUILDING 
13 


FOR  THE   INDIVIDUAL 

The  concrete  advantages  in  earning  power  of  a  high-school  education  as  com- 
pared with  no  education  at  all,  and  of  a  high-school  education  as  compared  with 
a  grammar-school  education,  were  recently  shown  by  investigations  conducted  by 
the  Gary  Public  Schools,  Gary,  lad.  From  the  data  collected  in 
Money  Value  these  investigations  it  appears  that  every  day  a  boy  spends  dili- 
of  Education  gently  in  school  is  worth  $io  to  him  in  life  income.  This  con- 
clusion is  deduced  as  follows:  The  average  yearly  income  of  the 
man  with  a  high-school  education  was  found  to  be  ^i,ooo.  In  forty  years,  an 
average  earning  period,  he  therefore  earns  ^40,000.  The  average  yearly  income 
of  the  uneducated  man  was  found  to  be  $450.  In  forty  years,  therefore,  he  earns 
$18,000.  The  difference  between  the  two  earning  powers,  which  is  $22,000, 
represents  the  value  of  a  grammar-school  and  high-school  education  as  compared 
with  no  education  at  all.  To  obtain  this  education  requires  twelve  years  of 
schooling,  nine  months  per  annum,  or  2,160  days.  Twenty-two  thousand  dollars 
divided  by  2,160  equals  approximately  $10,  the  value  of  each  day's  schooling. 


FOREGROUND  OF  SCIENCE  HALL 
14 


The  value  of  a  higli-school  education  as  compared  with  a  grammar-school 
education  is  illustrated  in  the  Gary  investigations  as  follows:  The  boy  who  leaves 
school  at  the  close  of  the  eighth  grade  or  at  about  fourteen  years  of  age,  to  go  to 

work,  earns  in  the  United  States,  on  the  average,  $26,000  up  to 
Value  of  High  the  time  he  is  sixty-five  years  old.  The  boy  who  remains  at  his 
School  and  Studies  until  he  completes  the  high  school,  earns  on  the  average 

Grade  Training    $65,000  up  to  the  time  he  is  sixty-five  years  old.     The  difference 

between  the  earnings  of  the  two  ($65,000  minus  $26,000)  is 
$39,000.  This  is  equivalent  to  the  income  on  $12,000  at  five  percent  for  a  period 
of  sixty-five  years.  In  other  words,  a  boy's  four  years  in  high  school  are  equivalent 
in  earning  power  to  a  capital  of  $12,000.  The  value  of  each  day's  schooling  during 
the  four  years  of  secondary  education  therefore  is  about  $16.  Investigatioas  con- 
ducted by  the  State  of  Massachusetts  arrived  by  different  means  at  parallel  and 
almost  identical  conclusions.  These  investigations  revealed  the  fact  that  the  boy 
who  left  school  at  fourteen  had  an  average  prospect  of  receiving  an  income  during 


ONE  OF  THE  MEMORIAL  GATEWAYS 
15 


his  life  of  $26,667,  while  the  boy  that  stayed  in  school  until  he  was  eighteen  had 
a  prospect  of  receiving  $58,900.  His  gain,  therefore,  as  a  result  of  his  four  years 
training  in  high  school  is  $32,223 — not  an  insignificant  reward  for  the  period  of 
effort  that  most  men  look  back  upon  as  "the  happiest  time  of  my  life." 

Education  pays  on  the  farm.  This  has  been  proved  by  investigations  in 
New  York,  Indiana,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Missouri,  and  Wisconsin,  where  results  were 
practically  the  same.     The  survey  made  in  Wisconsin,  for  instance,  in  191 5  by  a 

farm  management  specialist  who  is  now  a  member  of  the  O.  A.  C. 
Education  Pays  faculty,  shows  that  of  825  farmers  84  with  college  training  earned 
on  the  Farm         annually  about  one-fifth  more  than   the   155  with  a  high-school 

education,  two-sevenths  more  than  the  108  with  a  one-year  agri- 
cultural training,  and  over  two-thirds  more  than  the  478  farmers  with  a  common- 
school  education.  The  college-trained  farmers,  moreover,  generally  possessed 
better  homes  with  more  modern  conveniences  and  acquired  the  larger  capital. 
In  a  recent  report  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  the  statement  is  made 
that  college  graduates  on  farms  earn  a  life  income  in  excess  of  those  not  college 
trained  that  makes  their  college  training  worth  $30  a  day  to  them. 


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THE  TRYSTING  TREE  IN  AUTUMN 
16 


Fourfold  Value 
of  Technical 
Education 


Nlany  of  the  country's  leading  commercial  concerns  have  in  recent  years 
expressed  a  very  positive  preference  for  college-trained  men,  at  pro{)()rtioTiately 
higher  salaries.     One  of  the  great  electrical  companies,  which  established  a  policy 

of  employing  college  men  as  far  as  possible  about  ten  years  ago, 
Collegians  Win  reports  that  about  90  percent  of  the  collegians  made  good  as 
Out  in  Business  compared  with  only  10  percent  of    its    employees  who  had  come 

directly  from  grammar  or  high  school.  Further  evidence  of  the 
same  kind  is  furnished  by  statistics  of  100  business  houses  covering  a  period  of 
four  years,  showing  that  about  90  percent  of  college  men  rose  to  higher  salaries 
and  more  responsible  positions,  as  compared  with  only  25  percent  of  men  without 
college  training. 

Testimony  of  the  efficiency  of  men  with  advanced  technical  training  is  offered 
from  many  and  widely  divergent  sources.  The  investigations  of  James  M.  Dodge, 
manufacturer,  former  president  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers, 
are  notable.  By  capitalizing  a  man's  income  at  the  peak  of  his 
earning  capacity  on  the  basis  of  five  percent,  he  estimated  the 
potential  value  of  the  individual  workman.  In  this  way  he  found 
the  value  of  the  untrained  laborer  to  be  ^10,200;  that  of  the 
shop-trained  workman,  with  a  ready  skill  and  resourceful  ideas, 
to  be  ^15,800;  that  of  the  trade-school  graduate,  $25,000;  and  that  of  the  graduate 
of  a  technical  college,  with  a  standard  four-years  course,  $43,000.  Thus,  four 
years  of  training  in  a  technical  college  makes  a  man,  by  the  time  he  is  at  the  maxi- 
mum of  his  earning  capacity,  or  about  thirty-two  years  of  age,  four  times  as 
valuable  as  the  untrained  laborer,  three  times  as  valuable  as  the  shop-trained 
workman,  and  seventy-two  percent  more  valuable  than  the  trade  school  graduate. 

Expert  service  is  rapidly  displacing  the  haphazard,  rule-of-thumb  methods 
that  so  long  discredited  American  industrial  life.  The  specialist  is  now  generally 
consulted.     The  research  laboratory  is  an  adjunct  of  every  progressive  industry. 

The  experiment  station  expert  and  the  college  professor  are 
I    ,  .  authorities   whose   advice   intelligent   people   are   glad   to   follow, 

Work  Wonders      since  that  advice  is  based  on  scientific  investigations.     Out  of  the 

college  laboratories,  indeed,  have  sprung  many  of  the  greatest 
blessings  of  our  age.  In  the  judgment  of  thousands  of  readers  of  a  great  journal 
devoted  to  mechanics,  which  recently  polled  a  vote  of  these  readers,  the  following 
were  considered  to  be  the  seven  wonders  of  the  modern  world:  (i)  wireless  tele- 
graphy, (2)  the  telephone,  (3)  the  airplane,  (4)  radium,  (5)  antiseptics,  (6)  anti- 
toxins, (7)  spectrum  analysis  and  the  X-ray.  Each  of  these  seven  wonders  of  the 
modern  world,  declares  Mr.  W.  R.  Whitney,  director  of  the  laboratory  of  the 
General  Electric  Company,  was  the  discovery  of  a  college  professor.  Every  one 
of  the  greatest  agents  for  the  enrichment  of  modern  life  was  thus  the  product  of 
the  trained  brain  and  skilled  hand  of  a  college  man  w^orking  in  his  laboratory. 


17 


The  Collegian's 
Chances  for 
Who's  Who 


Evidence  supplied  by  "Who's  Who  in  America"  shows  the  success  of  the 
college-bred  man  or  woman.  Out  of  5,000,000  "uneducated"  men  and  women  in 
the  United  States,  only  31  have  developed  the  qualities  of  success  necessary  to  win 
a  place  among  the  8,000  leaders  whose  records  are  included  in 
"Who's  Who."  Of  the  33,000,000  people  having  only  a  common- 
school  education,  1,245  have  been  honored  by  a  place  in  the 
publication.  But  of  the  1,000,000  people  in  America  with  a  college 
education,  5,768  have  so  conspicuously  served  their  fellow  men  as 
to  deserve  this  distinction.  The  list  of  names  included  in  "Who's  Who  in  America" 
was  not  determined,  moreover,  by  a  group  of  college  professors,  or  by  others  who 
might  be  biased  in  favor  of  college-trained  people.  It  was  made  up  by  business 
men,  who  chose  leaders  in  all  lines  of  industry  as  well  as  in  the  learned  professions. 
Their  judgment,  which  may  be  taken  as  that  of  the  average  citizen,  shows  the 
relentless  fact  that  only  one  child  in  150,000  in  the  United  States  has  been  able, 
without  the  training  of  the  schools,  to  be  a  factor  in  the  progress  of  his  generation, 
while  children  with  a  common-school  education,  in  proportion  to  numbers,  have 
accomplished  this  four  times  as  often,  those  with  a  high-school  education,  eighty- 
seven  times  as  often,  and  those  with  college  training  eight  hundred  times  as  often. 


THE   "Y"   HUT,   CENTER  OF  STUDENT  RELIGIOUS  AND  SOCIAL  LIFE 

18 


THE  NORTH  HEATING  PLANT  AND  FOUNDRY 

19 


AGRICULTURE 

To  make  up  for  the  devastation  and  depletion  of  war,  there  Is  pressing  need 
for  Increased  production,  especially  of  food.  Population  has  Increased  so  much 
faster  than  food  production  In  America  during  the  past  two  decades  that  the 
problem  Is  still  further  aggravated.  The  augmented  needs  of  an  Improving  civili- 
zation, moreover,  which  Is  no  longer  content  with  the  simple  fare  once  deemed 
adequate,  still  further  emphasizes  the  demand  for  growing  food.  Yet  only  one- 
third  of  the  population  of  the  country  Is  today  engaged  directly  in  producing  food 
from  the  land.  This  fraction  of  the  population,  therefore,  must  not  only  feed 
itself  but  the  other  two-thirds  as  well. 

It  follows  that  agriculture,  and  everything  that  tends  to  foster  the  future  of 
agriculture,  especially  agricultural  education,  Is  uppermost  in  the  minds  of  thinking 
people.  What  will  permanently  aid  In  the  most  abundant  and  constant  produc- 
tion of  food  at  the  least  expenditure  of  human  labor.''  What  will  serve  to  make 
agriculture  more  securely  profitable.''  What  will  help  to  retain  on  the  farms  the 
best  blood  and  brains  of  the  youths  of  the  land.^  These  are  questions  which 
the  agricultural  colleges,  with  their  experiment  stations  and  extension  services, 
are  ceaselessly  studying,  and  with  the  cooperation  of  their  constituencies,  chiefly 
through  the  farm  bureau  and  the  home  bureau,  are  answering  one  by  one. 

Only  a  thin  cross  section  of  what  the  College  Is  doing  in  this  great  field,  which 
includes  the  experimental  work,  the  extension  demonstrations,  and  the  classroom 
work  on  the  campus,  can  be  given  in  a  circular  like  this.  But  to  show  briefly  what 
the  School  of  Agriculture  is  doing  to  fit  young  men  and  women  for  productive 
occupations  in  the  field  of  scientific  agriculture,  and  to  Indicate  some  of  the  ways 
in  which  the  School  is  safeguarding  the  farm  Interests  of  the  state  and  adding  to 
the  productive  wealth  of  Its  people,  a  few  examples  are  given  In  the  following 
paragraphs  illustrating  the  Investigational  side  of  the  great  work  of  the  College. 
The  principles  underlying  these  Investigations  are  taught  to  students  on  the 
campus,  and  their  practical  application  to  the  industries  of  the  State  Is  demon- 
strated by  Extension  workers  wherever  they  are  wanted. 


THE   1919  STANFORD-O.  A.  C.  FOOTBALL  GAME,  VISITORS'  SECTION 

20 


THE  EXPERIMENT  STATION 

The  achievements  of  the  Experiment  Station  at  Corvallis  and  its  seven  branch  stations  in  various 
parts  of  the  state  have  covered  a  long  term  of  years  and  extended  to  scores  of  agricultural  projects. 
Some  experiments  are  simply  directed  to  the  demonstration  of  the  futility  of  prevailing  practices  as 
compared  with  new,  scientific  methods.  Many  experiments  dealing  with  fundamental  problems  of 
soil  chemistry,  plant  nutrition,  and  farm  management  must  wait  for  years  for  the  substantial  evidence 
of  their  success,  '^^et  science  can  measure  unmistakably  their  value.  Concerning  the  Oregon  Station's 
recent  investigations  in  plant  nutrition,  for  instance,  an  eminent  Chicago  scientist  declares  that  the 
result  of  these  investigations  is  "o»^  of  the  outstanding  products  of  the  age  in  the  field  of  plant  industry.'''' 
W  hile  the  majority  of  Station  investigations  are  of  this  constructive  type,  producing  far-reaching  effects 
not  definitely  measurable  in  dollars  and  cents,  other  experiments  are  comparatively  immediate  in 
tangible  returns.    The  following  paragraphs  aim  to  give  instances  chiefly  of  this  type. 

AGRICULTURAL  CHEMISTRY 

The  work  of  the  department  consists  of  (i)  experimentation  and  research  with  insecticides  and 
fungicides,  with  the  chemistry  of  soils,  with  plant  and  animal  nutrition;  and  (2)  of  the  enforcement  of 
State  laws  that  govern  the  introduction  and  sale  of  commercial  fertilizers  and  lime.  Taking  as  examples 
only  two  problems  with  insecticides  and  fungicides,  we  find  that  the  department  was  a  pioneer  in  the 
chemical  investigation  of  arsenicals  used  for  orchard  sprays.  By  the  use  of  improved  arsenicals  the 
fruit  growers  of  Oregon  now  save  the  enormous  wastes  of  other  years.  Similarly,  the  Station  Chemist, 
by  determining  the  methods  and  conditions  under  which  arsenicals  and  lime-sulfur  can  be  used  as  a 
combination  spray  has  shown  that  there  need  be  no  more  trouble  or  loss  in  the  use  of  these  chemicals 
in  combination.    The  cost  of  spraying  is  thus  often  reduced  one  half. 

ANIMAL  HUSBANDRY 

Recent  experimental  work  of  the  department  has  been  centered  on  problems  of  feeding.  The 
relative  values  of  standard  feeds  have  been  determined  for  different  kinds  of  livestock,  together  with  the 
proper  methods  of  feeding.  Sheep  feeding  investigations  in  Western  Oregon  show  that  it  costs  but 
^  cent  a  day  to  maintain  sheep  on  pasture  in  winter  as  compared  with  5  cents  a  day  on  grain  and  hay. 
By  proper  pasturing  methods,  adjusting  various  kinds  of  pasture  to  diflFerent  seasons  of  the  year,  the 
period  of  winter  feeding  is  reduced  30  days  with  a  consequent  saving  of  ^1.25  a  sheep  each  year,  and 
with  excellent  results  upon  the  flock  as  well  as  in  farm  management.  These  methods,  if  followed  uni- 
versally in  Western  Oregon,  would  result  in  an  annual  saving  of  $450,000. 

A  Civil  Engineering  graduate  only  recently  out  of  College,  employed  in  an  engineering  manufactory 
near  Portland  also  receives  $225  a  month  as  draftsman. 


THE  STANFORD  O.  A    C  FOOTBALL  GAME.     O.  A.  C  SECTION 

21 


BACTERIOLOGY 

The  expansion  of  legume  seeding  in  Oregon  has  emphasized  the  need  for  inteUigent  consideration 
of  the  inoculation  problem,  including  protection  of  the  individual  purchaser  against  unscrupulous 
agents  seeking  to  sell  commercial  cultures  at  exorbitant  prices  regardless  of  the  need  for  inoculation. 
The  work  of  the  department  involves  investigation,  in  order  to  determine  the  need  for  inoculation  and 
the  merits  of  cultures;  instruction  to  the  farmer  regarding  time  and  methods  of  inoculating  seed;  and 
the  actual  furnishing  of  cultures  to  the  farmers  of  the  State  at  cost  of  labor  and  material  in  manufacturing 
them  in  the  laboratory.  In  1919,  cultures  for  inoculation  of  seed  for  10,000  acres  of  alfalfa  were  sold 
to  farmers  at  cost,  which  was  ^2,500.  If  this  material  had  been  purchased  from  commercial  firms,  the 
expense  would  have  been  at  least  $20,000.    This  indicates  an  actual  cash  saving  of  $17,500  to  the  grower. 

BOTANY  AND  PLANT  PATHOLOGY 

The  Oregon  Agricultural  College  Experiment  Station  was  the  discoverer  of  the  use  of  lime-sulfur 
as  a  spray  for  the  control  of  plant  diseases.  It  is  now  used  the  world  over  for  this  purpose.  In  the 
protection  of  fruit  crops  from  epidemics  of  disease  it  has  often  saved  the  fruit  growers  of  Oregon  in  a 
single  season  over  a  million  dollars.  Various  methods  of  spraying  and  certain  orchard  and  farm  practices 
for  the  control  of  evils  such  as  apple  canker,  fire  blight  of  pear  and  peach  trees,  grain  smut,  and  potato 
diseases,  have  all  been  instrumental  in  safeguarding  and  improving  the  staple  crops  of  Oregon.  The 
time  and  method  of  applying  the  remedies  vary  with  the  season  and  local  conditions;  hence  the  need 


'^  mn 


AN   AUTUMN  SCENE   NEAR  THE  MINES  BUILDING 
22 


of  continuous  cxpi-rl  attention  to  keep  tht-  growers  authentically  inf(jrniecl.  Every  year  the  Plant 
Pathologist,  in  collaboration  with  the  Entomologist,  sends  out  to  the  growers  of  the  state  directions 
for  spraying  orchards  and  gardens,  revised  and  corrected  according  to  the  latest  experimental  data. 
In  addition,  he  and  his  assistants  examine  in  the  laboratory,  free  of  charge,  large  numbers  of  diseased 
plants  sent  in  for  diagnosis,  and  give  advice  on  the  most  successful  known  means  of  control  adapted  to 
the  local  conditions.  New  fungicides  are  tested  to  determine  their  efficiency,  and  a  method  is  in  operation 
for  insuring  to  growers  disease-free  potato  seed  that  promises  great  increase  in  general  yield  of  the 
potato  crop  in  Oregon. 

DAIRY  HUSBANDRY 
The  cheese  industry  is  one  of  the  most  important  agricultural  industries  in  Oregon.  Shortly  after 
the  outbreak  of  the  war  in  1914  the  restrictions  placed  on  commerce  by  the  belligerents  cut  short  the 
importation  of  rennet  stock.  We  had  been  importing  large  amounts  of  rennet  from  the  veal-eating  sec- 
tions of  Europe.  The  shortage  suddenly  became  acute.  Cheesemakers  had  great  difficulty  in  obtaining 
rennet,  which  had  been  absolutely  necessary  as  a  coagulent  in  the  manufacture  of  cheese.  Pepsin  had 
been  used  as  a  coagulent  experimentally  only,  and  then  rather  superficially.  Cheesemakers  began 
writing  to  the  department  of  Dairy  Husbandry  for  information  as  to  the  use  of  pepsin.  The  department 
immediately  investigated  the  use  of  pepsin  as  a  substitute  for  rennet  and  within  two  weeks  time  published 
a  preliminary  report  indicating  how  pepsin  could  be  satisfactorily  used.  This  report  attracted  great 
attention  from  cheesemakers;  some  of  whom  came  from  Coos  Bay  to  inspect  cheese  made  from  pepsin 


THE  DAIRY   BUILDING 

23 


and  to  see  the  process  of  manufacture.  As  a  result,  the  cheesemakers  with  confidence  took  up  the  use 
of  pepsin.  Through  its  use,  conserv^ative  calculations  show  that  the  cheese  factories  of  Oregon,  in 
addition  to  avoiding  the  danger  of  closing  altogether  through  the  lack  of  a  coagulent,  saved  at  least 
$100,000  during  the  emergency  because  of  the  lower  cost  of  pepsin  as  compared  with  rennet, 

DRAINAGE  AND  IRRIGATION 

Experimental  reports  on  successful  methods  of  tiling  white  land  and  marsh  land  have  given  a 
great  impetus  to  drainage  activities.  During  the  past  few  years  farm  drainage  systems  were  designed 
on  twenty-seven  farms  having  an  area  of  1,350  acres.  These  are  largely  installed  and  in  operation. 
Over  three  hundred  miles  of  tile  lines  that  have  been  designed  for  farmers  serve  17,120  acres.  It  is 
estimated  that  this  area  will  produce  at  least  ten  dollars  an  acre  more  crop  value  a  year,  or  $171,200 
worth  more  food  stuff,  as  a  result  of  this  improvement.  These  tiles  are  installed  on  two  hundred  and 
thirteen  farms.  Assistance  was  given  nineteen  communities  or  districts  in  drainage  the  past  year 
including  an  area  of  53,749  acres.  During  the  past  few  years,  eighty-five  community  drainage  projects 
have  been  given  aid  in  this  way,  including  an  area  of  approximately  560,000  acres  or  about  one-sixth 
of  the  wet  land  of  the  State.  Fourteen  irrigation  districts  have  been  aided  through  preliminary  soil 
and  agricultural  feasibility  surveys,  including  a  total  area  of  one  hundred  and  twenty-two  thousand 
acres.  During  the  past  several  years,  forty-five  irrigation  projects  have  been  aided  through  such 
preliminary  soil  and  agricultural  surveys,  including  a  total  area  of  1,864,300  acres. 


FORESTRY,   MEN'S  GYMNASIUM,   AND  WALDO  FROM  THE  CAUTHORN   MAPLES 

24 


KN'l'OMOLOGV 

In  1919  apple  growers  who  followed  faithfully  the  College  recominendat ions  for  the  control  of 
codling-moth  lost  onh'  2.1  percent  of  their  crop  by  this  pest.  Those  who  failed  to  follow  these  recom- 
mendations lost  14  percent  to  62  percent  of  their  crop.  The  potential  apple  crop  of  Oregon  for  1919 
was  3,860,000  boxes.  Had  all  growers  followed  the  College  recommendations  the  total  loss  would  have 
been  2.1  percent  or  81,060  boxes.  At  ^2.00  a  box  this  would  amount  to  $162,120.  Had  all  failed  to 
follow  the  College  recommendations  the  average  loss  would  have  been  55  percenc  or  2,123,000  boxes. 
These  at  $2.00  a  box  would  be  worth  $4,246,000.  Conservative  calculations  show  that  the  College 
investigations  in  the  control  of  the  codling-moth  alone  save  to  Oregon  apple  growers  a  million  dollars 
a  year. 

FARM  CROPS 

The  work  of  the  Farm  Crops  Department  in  testing  seeds  in  the  laboratory;  warning  Oregon 
growers  against  fake  crops  exploited  for  gain;  in  encouraging  the  use  of  particular  strains  of  standard 
crops,  like  Hannchen  barley,  that  have  been  demonstrated  to  be  permanently  successful;  in  promoting 
the  seeding  of  pa-sture  mixtures  on  untilled  lands;  the  growing  of  alfalfa  on  river-bottom  land  in  Western 
Oregon;  and  the  growing  of  corn  for  both  silage  and  grain,  have  all  resulted  in  increasing  the  material 
wealth  of  the  State.  The  work  of  the  College  in  demonstrating  the  adaptability  of  the  two  varieties 
of  corn,  Minnesota  13  and  Minnesota  23,  to  Oregon  conditions  is  largely  responsible  for  raising  the 


THE  MEN'S  GYMNASIUM   FROM  THE  NORTHEAST 
25 


average  of  corn  from  17,000  acres  in  1909  to  71,000  acres  in  1919.  If  only  20  percent  of  the  total  value 
of  the  1919  corn  crop,  which  was  worth  nearly  three  million  dollars,  is  credited  to  the  leadership  of  the 
College,  even  this  amounts  to  nearly  $600,000.  The  experimental  work  with  vetch  has  determined  the 
best  varieties  and  the  best  methods  of  seeding  vetch,  showing  for  example,  that  smaller  seedings  may 
be  made,  with  a  consequent  saving  on  each  acre  of  seventy-fiive  cents.  This  in  itself  will  annually 
amount  to  fully  $30,000.  The  Station's  introduction  of  purple  vetch  will  undoubtedly  increase  the 
agricultural  resources  of  Oregon,  when  its  distribution  is  effected,  by  $60,000  to  $200,000. 

HORTICULTURE 

The  investigations  of  the  Horticultural  department  in  determining  the  nutrients  of  plants,  are 
among  the  few  great  fundamental  plant  discoveries  of  this  generation.  Equally  important  to  horticulture 
are  the  researches  in  fruit  pollination.  While  the  results  of  such  studies  are  not  to  be  concretely  measured 
in  immediate  dollars  and  cents,  they  are  of  incalculable  value  to  the  whole  realm  of  agriculture;  since 
they  are  cumulative  in  effect  and  in  the  end  result  in  enormous  economies.  The  department's  investi- 
gations in  showing  various  ways  in  which  the  loganberry  can  be  utilized,  not  simply  for  household 
purposes,  but  on  a  large  scale  for  commercial  profit  through  evaportation  and  the  manufacture  of 
juice,  undoubtedly  saved  the  loganberry  industry  from  being  ruthlessly  uprooted  in  Western  Oregon 
during  the  period  of  depression  a  few  years  ago.  The  department's  experiments  in  successfully  putting 
up  at  Salem  3,000  gallons  of  juice  in  commercial  form,  laid  the  foundation  of  the  fruit  juice  industry 
in  this  state,  now  involving  investments  aggregating  over"  a  million  dollars.  The  loganberry  product 
already  amounts  to  several  million  dollars  a  year  and  is  rapidly  increasing. 


THE  NEW  LIBRARY  FROM  HOME  ECONOMICS   WALK 
26 


FOULTRY  HUSBANDRY 

The  Poultry  department  was  established  twelve  years  ago  for  the  purpose,  primarily,  of  developing' 
the  poultry  industry  of  the  stale  and  of  making  poultry  keeping  more  profitable  to  the  farmer  and 
poultryman.  Since  that  time,  from  a  flock  that  averaged,  by  trapnest  record,  less  than  lOO  eggs  per 
hen,  the  department,  by  careful  breeding,  has  developed  strains  of  fowls  that  produce,  under  similar 
conditions  of  management,  an  a\erage  of  over  200  eggs  per  hen.  From  these  improved  strains  of  layers 
the  department  has  sent  out  to  Oregon  poultry  raisers,  at  reasonable  prices,  3,000  pedigreed  males  for 
breeding  purposes,  and  over  130,000  eggs  from  high  producing  stock  for  hatching.  The  effect  of  this 
work,  and  of  the  high-laying  records  constantly  made  by  the  department's  flocks,  has  encouraged  a 
widespread  development  of  the  poultry  industry  in  Oregon,  with  profits  that  are  sound  and  cumulative, 
and  stimulated  an  unusual  demand  for  breeding  fowls  of  the  O.  A.  C.  strains  from  all  parts  of  this 
country  and  even  from  abroad.  The  Oregon  State  Hospital  has  a  flock  of  nearly  4,000  laying  hens 
reared  from  O.  A.  C.  stock,  and  last  year  made  from  them  a  profit  of  ^10,721.93. 

O.  A.  C.  hens  have  been  entered  in  practically  all  the  national  and  international  egg-laying  contests. 
In  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition  contest,  O.  A.  C.  hens  won  first,  second  and  third  places.  In  all  the 
contests  O.  A.  C.  hens  have  made  such  consistently  high  records  that  the  success  of  the  Station's  breeding 
experiments  for  egg  production  has  been  definitely  established. 


THE  WALK  TO  WALDO 


27 


SOILS 

Soil  surveys  of  six  distinct  areas  of  Oregon  have  been  made  by  the  department  of  Soils  in  co-operation 
with  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Soils,  embracing  approximately  a  million  and  a  half  acres.  Detailed  soil  surveys 
of  five  counties  comprising  2,787,400  acres  have  been  practically  completed,  and  will  soon  be  mapped. 
The  first  report  of  this  cooperative  soil  survey  work,  covering  Yamhill  County,  will  soon  be  off  the 
press.  The  fundamental  value  of  this  work  is  illustrated  by  experiments  with  sulfur  on  legume  crops 
in  Southern  Oregon.  Chemical  analyses,  following  the  soil  survey,  disclosed  the  fact  that  large  areas 
of  certain  types  of  soil  were  seriously  deficient  in  sulfur.  Demonstrations  proved  that  the  application 
of  this  element,  rather  than  other  fertilizers  commonly  applied  to  alfalfa  meadows  on  these  soils,  produced 
remarkable  increases  both  in  growth  of  plants  and  in  the  nutrient  content  of  the  plants.  In  some  in- 
stances gains  amounted  to  1,000  percent.  Guided  by  the  soil  survey  and  the  directions  suggested  by 
the  demonstrations,  the  application  of  sulfur  to  over  16,000  acres  of  alfalfa  meadow  in  1919  resulted 
in  an  increased  yield  averaging  at  least  i  ton  to  the  acre,  worth  $20  a  ton.  The  cost  of  the  treatment 
amounted  to  approximately  $1  a  ton  of  the  crop  yield.  The  increase  in  value  of  the  crop,  due  to  the 
application  of  sulfur,  amounts  to  $328,000.  Recent  experiments  indicate  that  at  least  200,000  acres 
of  alfalfa  land  in  Oregon  will  respond  equally  well  to  the  sulfur  treatment. 

VETERINARY  MEDICINE 

The  department  of  Veterinary  Medicine  holds  a  weekly  free  clinic  on  Mondays  at  which,  by 
appointment,  the  citizens  of  the  state  bring  in  their  perplexing  cases  of  animals  not  in  health.  It  gives 
advice  in  person  or  by  letter  for  preventing  and  controlling  diseases  of  livestock.  It  diagnoses  diseases 
of  unknown  cause  by  laboratory  examination  of  material.  It  identifies  parasites  and  makes  recom- 
mendations concerning  methods  of  controlling  parasitic  diseases. 

An  early  diagnosis  of  the  first  outbreak  of  anthrax  to  occur  in  Oregon,  made  by  the  veterinary 
department,  enabled  the  State  Veterinarian  and  the  local  practitioners  to  control  this  serious  disease 
before  it  became  widespread  in  the  state.  Such  diseases  as  infectious  abortion  of  dairy  cattle,  white 
diarrhoea  in  poultry,  and  tuberculosis  in  various  animals,  have  been  regularly  handled  in  the  laboratory 
routine  diagnoses.  Instruction  as  to  methods  of  preventing  diseases  of  breeding  cattle  have  been  given 
dairymen  in  all  leading  dairy  sections  in  the  state  through  correspondence,  addresses,  and  personal 
conferences.  Veterinary  practitioners  in  Oregon  are  today  using  methods  of  treating  these  troubles 
which  have  been  demonstrated  to  them  by  members  of  the  department. 

"(9ni?  of  the  lessons  I  learned  at  Corvallis  was  to  quit  experimenting  and  to  rely  upon  the  experience 
which  is  the  fruit  of  much  experimenting  on  the  part  of  the  College  and  its  experiment  stations.^' — W.  S. 
Smith,  Wolf  Creek,  Oregon. 


THE  MACHINE  GUN  CORPS 
28 


THE  BRANCH  EXPERIMEN'r  SI  ATIONS 

Oregon  has  an  area  greater  than  the  combined  area  of  New  Hampshire,  Vermont,  Massachusetts, 
Connecticut,  Rhode  Island,  New  York,  New  Jersey,  and  Delaware.  Owing  to  her  varied  topography, 
soils,  and  climate,  moreover,  Oregon  has  a  greater  diversity  in  those  factors  that  influence  agricultural 
production  than  are  to  be  found  in  all  that  portion  of  the  United  States  east  of  the  Western  boundary 
of  Oklahoma  and  North  of  the  Ohio  River.  The  agricultural  problems  to  be  solved,  therefore,  are 
numerous  and  varied.  To  meet  these  problems  and  thereby  safeguard  the  interests  of  the  people, 
seven  branch  experiment  stations  have  been  established  in  different  parts  of  Oregon.  A  few  of  their 
achievements  in  the  interest  of  progress  and  prosperity  arc  enumerated  in  the  following  paragraphs. 

THE  SOUTHERN  OREGON  BRANCH  STATION 

The  Southern  Oregon  Branch  Experiment  Station,  at  Talent,  near  Medford,  is  today  leading  the 
world  in  the  discovery  and  development  of  pear  stocks  and  varieties  resistant  to  fire  blight.  The  control 
of  this  dread  disease,  which  is  the  mortal  enemy  of  the  pear  tree,  is  the  price  that  must  be  paid  to  safe- 
guard the  great  pear  industry  of  Southern  Oregon. 

THE   EASTERN  OREGON   BRANCH   STATION 

The  Eastern  Oregon  Branch  Experiment  Station,  at  Union,  has  demonstrated  the  economy  of 
fattening  hogs  with  some  supplement  to  the  grain  ration  such  as  pasture  or  alfalfa  hay;  the  economy 
of  raising  barley  instead  of  wheat  for  feeding  hogs;  that  chopped  alfalfa  hay  for  fattening  cattle  produces 
gains  forty  percent  greater  .than  unchopped  hay;  and  that  certain  varieties  of  wheat  and  barley  are 
greatly  superior  for  use  in  dryland  farming  to  the  varieties  commonly  used. 


ALFALFA  DEMONSTRATION  PLOTS  AT  SOUTHERN  OREGON  BRANCH  STATION  (A)  HAD 
NO  SULFUR,   (B.)   (C)  AND  (D)  HAD  SULFUR  IN  ONE  FORM  OR  ANOTHER 


THE  MORO   BRANCH   STATION 

The  Dry-Farming  Branch  Station  at  Moro  has,  for  the  past  seven  years,  accurately  tested  hundreds 
of  varieties  of  grain.  Four  of  the  new  spring  varieties  have  averaged  from  20  percent  to  30  percent  more 
than  the  best  local  spring  varieties,  and  milling  tests  show  them  to  be  superior  to  Bluestem,  the  best 
local  variety.  Seed  from  these  varieties  is  being  distributed  as  rapidly  as  possible.  An  increase  of  one 
bushel  per  acre  in  the  yield  of  spring  wheat  will  add  to  the  wealth  of  the  state  annually  several  times 
the  cost  of  all  the  experiment  station  work. 

THE  BURNS  BRANCH  STATION 

This  station  has  been  chiefly  concerned  with  moisture  conservation  and  irrigation  problems,  and 
with  determining  the  best  types  of  grain,  alfalfa,  and  forage  crops  to  grow  on  the  soils  of  Harney  County, 
where  moisture  is  limited  but  soil  fertility  high.     Marked  progress  has  been  made. 

THE  UMATILLA   BRANCH   STATION 

The  Umatilla  Branch  Experiment  Station  established  in  the  Upper  Columbia  River  region,  has 
been  chiefly  engaged  In  solving  the  Irrigation  problems  In  this  region.  It  has  demonstrated  the  economy 
In  both  labor  and  water  of  the  border  system  of  applying  water  to  the  soil. 

THE  ASTORIA   BRANCH   STATION 

The  John  Jacob  Astor  Experiment  Station,  which  was  established  near  Astoria  several  years  ago 
for  the  purpose  of  studying  the  problems  of_^tIde-land  agriculture,  has  done  much  to  stimulate  drainage 
work  on  tide  lands,  to  Improve  the  dairy  Industry,  and  to  determine  the  best  forage  and  root  crops  for 
tide  land  and  red  hill  land.  It  has  been  unmistakably  demonstrated  that  tiling  can  be  successfully 
undertaken  on  the  wet  grass  lands.  Tiling  at  a  cost  of  $30  an  acre  has  brought  a  yield  of  field  peas  and 
oats  worth  $50  an  acre  the.  first  year.  It  has  also  been  definitely  demonstrated  that  super-phosphate 
Is  the  fertilizer  needed  on  the  red  hill  lands  of  this  district. 


%>m 


THE  PALE,  THIN  PLOTS  OF  ALFALFA,    (B)  HAD  NO  FERTILIZER.       ALL  THE  THRIFTY  PLOTS 
(A)  HAD  SULFUR   IN  SOME  FORM  AS  A  FERTILIZER 


AIRPLANE  VIEWS  OF  CORVALLIS.     COLLEGE  CAMPUS  IS  PARTLY  SHOWN  IN  BOTH  PICTURES 

31 


VMPUS  FROM  AN  AIRPLANE. 


33 


AIRPLANE   VIEWS   OF   CORVALLIS,   SHOWING    NORTHEAST    AND   SOUTHEAST  SECTIONS. 
THE  LOWER  CAMPUS  SHOWS  AT  RIGHT  OF  TOP  VIEW. 


34 


Tllii;    IIOOI)    RIVER    BRANCH   STATION 

The  late  E.  H.  Shcpard,  a  Hood  River  fruit  grower  and  editor  of  Better  Fruit,  stated  editorially 
that  "The  apple  crop  in  the  Hood  River  Valley  alone  will  amount  to  over  $1,500,000  for  the  year  1916, 
all  of  which  was  sprayed  under  the  directions  given  by  the  Experiment  Station,  being  practically  free 
from  fungus.  Without  tiie  method  of  treatment  discovered  and  worked  out  and  recommended  by  the 
Experiment  Station,  tiic  apple  crop  of  Hood  River,  on  account  of  scab,  would  have  very  little  if  any 
market  value." 

Results  during  recent  years  have  been  so  satisfactory  that  the  citizens  of  the  county  have  volun- 
tarily doubled  the  local  budget  for  Experiment  Station  work,  realizing  that  more  money  spent  means 
larger  profits  at  harvest  time.  They  figure  a  saving  as  a  result  of  the  scientific  warfare  against  codling- 
moth  as  at  least  8  percent  of  the  crop.  Eight  percent  of  2,000,000,  the  total  number  of  boxes  produced 
in  the  Hood  River  Valley  in  1919,  is  160,000  boxes.  At  two  dollars  a  box,  the  average  market  price, 
these  were  worth  $320,000.  The  saving  effected  by  scientific  control  of  scab  or  fungus  is  estimated  at 
25  cents  on  each  of  two  million  boxes,  or  $500,000.  Control  of  leaf  roller  saves  $90,000  a  year;  aphis 
CQjatrol,  $100,000. 

Fertility  experiments  have  been  productive  of  great  good.  Five  years  ago,  alarmed  at  the  rapid 
depletion  of  their  soil  fertility  and  consequent  crop  depletion,  growers  were  groping  about  for  help  and 
spending  prodigal  sums  for  commercial  fertilizers.  Fertility  trials  conducted  in  nearly  every  orchard 
in  the  valley  have  revolutionized  the  fertility  situation.  Without  this  specific  advice  resulting  from 
trials,  it  is  safe  to  say  that  the  1919  crop  would  not  have  been  more  than  60  percent  of  the  actual  output. 

"The  Experiment  Station,"  said  A.  W.  Stone,  general  manager  of  the  Hood  River  Apple  Growers' 
Association,  in  his  annual  report  issued  March  13,  1920,  "is  one  of  the  valley's  most  valuable  assets." 


SCIENTIFIC    ORCHARD   SPRAYING    AT    HOOD    RIVER  HAS  MADE    THE    HOOD   RIVER   BRAND 

OF  APPLES  FAMOUS 


35 


THE   EXTENSION   SERVICE 

The  Extension  Service  carries  to  the  people  in  all  parts  of  the  state  the  special 
information  that  they  care  to  use  in  scientific  agriculture,  home  economics,  and 
engineering.  Through  the  farm  bureau  and  home  bureau  in  the  various  com- 
munities and  the  boys'  and  girls'  clubs  in  the  public  schools,  the  leaders  of  extension 
■  work  from  the  College  carry  to  the  citizens  of  the  state  the  standard  practices  that 
have  been  demonstrated  to  be  successful  and  such  new  discoveries  in  science  as 
promise  unmistakable  rewards.  The  county  agents,  home  demonstration  agents, 
leaders  of  club  work,  and  special  demonstrators  of  farm  crops,  horticulture,  poultry 
husbandry,  farm  mechanics,  animal  husbandry,  etc.,  all  seek  the  cooperation  of 
farmers  and  other  industrial  people  In  Instituting  the  best  type  of  farming  and 
business  practice,  and  in  organizing  communities  into  effective  units  for  production, 
marketing,  and  civic  betterment. 

Results  that  are  surprising  In  the  aggregate  have  been  accomplished  by  com- 
munities in  all  parts  of  the  state  and  in  practically  every  line  of  extension  activity. 
Some  of  the  gains  made  by  the  boys'  and  girls'  clubs  in  raising  pure-bred  livestock 
have  revolutionized  local  industries.  Demonstrations  in  household  economy  have 
resulted  in  the  saving  of  thousands  of  dollars  to  Individual  counties.  Cooperative 
buying  and  shipping  have  saved  to  the  citizens  of  Jackson  County  In  the  brief 
period  of  six  months  twenty  thousand  dollars.  The  Burns  Chamber  of  Commerce 
is  authority  for  the  statement  that  the  cooperative  work  of  the  College,  the 
United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  and  the  citizens  of  Harney  County  in 
exterminating  grasshoppers  saved  a  half  million  dollars  to  that  county  In  1919. 
In  the  single  item  of  assisting  farmers  to  secure  bacterial  cultures  for  inoculating 
legume  seed,  some  of  the  county  agents  have  saved  their  constituencies  many 
times  their  salaries  each  year.  In  Wallowa  County  the  silo  campaign  so  success- 
fully conserved  feed  and  maintained  the  livestock  of  that  great  agricultural  area, 
that  the  local  farm  bureaus  consider  that  in  spite  of  rigorous  weather  during  the 
past  winter  they  achieved  one  of  the  most  successful  seasons  In  their  history. 
Whenever,  in  short,  the  local  communities  join  hands  with  the  Extension  leaders 
In  carrying  out  a  vigorous  agricultural  policy,  notable  gains  have  been  made. 
Yet  the  movement  Is  only  at  the  beginning  of  Its  career,  and  promises  vastly 
greater  things  for  the  future. 


THE  AGRICULTURAL  GROUP,  WITH  GLIMPSES  OF  THE  WEST  QUADRANGLE. 

36 


INTERESTING   AND   USEFUL  STUDIES   IN   THE   FARM   MECHANICS   DEPARTMENT 

37 


SCHOOL   OF   COMMERCE:   TOP,   OFFICE   APPLIANCES   LABORATORY; 

BOTTOM,   ACCOUNTING  ROOM 

38 


COMMKRCK 

"The  mental  equipment  of  a  business  man  needs  to  be  greater  to-day," 
declares  Frank  A.  \  anderlip,  "than  was  ever  before  necessary."  "If  the  people 
of  the  United  States  are  to  make  the  most  of  their  opportunities,"  he  adds,  "they 
must  employ  the  most  effective  methods."  Hence  he  advocates  commercial 
training,  the  type  that  ().  A.  C.  provides  in  its  School  of  Commerce. 

Since  there  is  a  business  side  to  every  vocation,  the  School  of  Commerce  has 
developed  courses  and  class  material  in  business  practice  which  are  adapted  to  the 
needs  of  the  farmer,  the  engineer,  the  forester,  and  the  housekeeper.  In  these 
days  of  strong  competition  and  advancing  costs,  the  farmer  or  any  other  business 
man  who  does  not  know  the  cost  of  production  and  the  restilt  of  his  several  enter- 
prises is  playing  a  losing  game.  Tn  cooperation  with  the  United  States  Bureau  of 
Markets  the  department  of  Business  Administration  has  developed  courses  and 
class  material  in  cooperative  accounting  adapted  to  creameries,  elevators,  and 
various  other  industrial  enterprises.  This  pioneer  work  has  borne  fruit,  not  only 
in  Oregon  but  in  many  other  states,  where  O.  A.  C.  courses  and  material  are  used. 

The  School  of  Commerce  offers  thorough  courses  of  study  in  stenography 
and  office  training.  A  large  number  of  teachers  in  these  technical  branches  of 
commerce  are  graduated  every  3^ear.  The  School  of  Vocational  Education  gives 
these  students  an  opportunity  to  qualify  for  a  state  certificate  to  teach  commercial 
branches. 

Commerce  courses  provide  that  the  student  may  major  in  Commerce  and 
minor  in  various  other  lines  of  work  such  as  agriculture,  home  economics,  engineer- 
ing, or  industrial  arts;  or  he  may  major  in  other  courses  and  minor  in  Commerce. 
This  has  produced  a  happy  relationship  and  sympathetic  cooperation  between  the 
commerce  students  and  the  rest  of  the  student  body.  College  regulations  provide 
that  no  student  shall  graduate  without  at  least  nine  credits  in  Commerce. 

That  the  wealth  of  a  state  depends  not  only  on  its  industries  but  also  on  its 
commerce  admits  of  no  argument.  Tremendous  efforts  are  being  made  in  our 
sister  states  to  build  up  the  ports  of  Seattle  and  San  Francisco.  If  our  metropolis, 
Portland,  is  to  hold  her  own  as  a  world  port,  every  influence  must  be  directed 
toward  that  end,  and  the  great  educational  institutions  of  the  state  should  be 
among  the  most  powerful  influences  in  developing  the  commerce  of  the  state. 

The  department  of  Business  Administration  is  prepared  to  give  courses  in 
accounting  and  management  in  practically  all  lines  of  industrial  enterprise.  The 
department  is  organized  not  only  for  the  purpose  of  developing  specialists  in  its 
own  particular  field,  but  also  to  coordinate  its  work  with  the  other  departments 
of  the  College  in  order  that  every  graduate  of  the  institution  may  have  the  oppor- 
tunity of  acquiring  such  principles  of  business  administration  as  he  desires. 


As  a  result  of  this  policy  hundreds  of  farmers  of  the  state  are  keeping  satis- 
factory records  of  their  business  transactions  and  progress;  many  homes  have 
been  placed  on  a  better  financial  basis  through  the  keeping  of  household  accounts; 
many  commercial  establishments  are  employing  business  administration  graduates 
as  office  managers,  accountants,  or  managers. 

During  the  first  and  second  terms  of  the  year  1919-20  regular  courses  were 
given  to  more  than  850  regular  students.  These  courses  were  distributed  approx- 
imately as  follows:  farm  accounting,  125;  household  accounting  and  business 
management  for  women,  100;  business  organization,  management  and  advertising, 
150;    and  general  accounting,  475. 

Some  two  hundred  students  each  year  receive  instruction  in  Business  Law. 
These  include  students  not  only  in  Commerce  but  in  Forestry,  Agriculture,  and 
Pharmacy  as  well.  They  acquire  the  fundamentals  of  law  as  applying  to  ordinary 
business  transactions.  They  learn  to  protect  themselves  in  their  relations,  and 
learn  also  to  know  when  they  need  expert  legal  advice. 

Every  student  of  every  department  of  the  College,  to  graduate,  must  take  at 
least  one  course  in  government.  Many  students  take  several  courses.  During 
each  of  the  three  terms  each  year  250  to  275  students  are  making  a  study  of  their 
government,  local,  state,  or  national,  and  also  of  foreign  governments  and  our 
relations  with  them.  It  is  vital  that  the  hundreds  of  students  leaving  College 
each  year  have  some  conception  of  their  duties  and  opportunities  as  citizens.  The 
government  courses  lend  their  entire  effort  to  give  this  conception.  Production 
of  a  higher  citizenship  is  the  final  aim  of  education. 

A  graduate  in  Mechanical  Engineering,  191 1,  for  six  years  employed  as  foreman  of  the  machine 
shop  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  in  California,  is  now  in  the  engine  drafting  room  of  a  Portland 
engineering  firm  at  a  salary  of  $225  a  month. 


ASSOCIATED  SOCIETY  OF  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERS 
40 


TRAINING  IN  AUTO  MECHANICS  INVOLVES  THE  MOST  THOROUGH  AND  SEARCHING  WORK 
IN  "TROUBLE  SHOOTING"   AND  REPAIRS. 


THE  MECHANICAL  AND  ELECTRICAL  LABORATORIES,  WHERE  THE  MEN  PUT  IN  PRACTICE 

THEIR   ENGINEERING  TRAINING 


KNCilNKKRINC; 

Approximately  i,ooo  students  have  been  studying  Engineering  at  the  College 
this  year,  and  this  branch  of  College  work  has  advanced  to  first  place  in  enroll- 
ment, with  Agriculture  second,  and  Commerce  third.  F^ven  with  this  remarkable 
growth,  the  call  upon  the  College  to  furnish  trained  men  to  the  industries  is  far 
greater  than  it  has  any  hope  of  satisfying  for  some  years  to  come.  Attractive 
salaries  and  line  opportunities  for  achievement  are  open  to  all  the  men  who  have 
qualified  themselves  technically  for  service  in  any  of  the  fields  of  engineering. 
Obviously,  Oregon  trained  men,  understanding  Oregon  conditions,  are  an  advantage 
to  the  state  in  the  solution  of  her  problems. 

CIVIL  ENGINEERING 

Training  in  Civil  Engineering  at  the  College,  which  includes  Highway  Engin- 
eering, Irrigation  Engineering,  and  Structural  Engineering,  has  enrolled  i66 
students  during  the  year. 

HIGHWAY  ENGINEERING 

The  great  highway  program  of  Oregon,  involving  the  investment  of  millions 
of  dollars  and  covering  with  main  highways  and  market  roads  the  principal  sections 
of  the  state,  calls  for  the  services  of  hundreds  of  skilled  engineers  to  insure  effi- 
ciency and  economy  in  the  work.  Last  year  the  demand  for  such  engineers  in 
Oregon  not  only  took  all  the  available  men  from  those  qualified  at  the  College, 
but  necessitated  the  employment  of  many  men  trained  in  other  states,  and  of 
many  men  not  adequately  trained  for  the  work.  This  condition  will  be  true  again 
this  year.  While  the  enrollment  of  students  in  this  work  is  constantly  increasing, 
the  need  for  trained  men  will  continue  to  keep  far  ahead  of  any  immediate  possi- 
bility of  equipping  men  for  the  service. 

IRRIGATION  ENGINEERING 

Oregon  offers  a  greater  variety  of  land  reclamation  problems  than  any  state 
in  the  Union.  There  are  ''seeped  lands"  in  the  hills,  tide  lands  on  the  coast, 
overflow  lands  along  the  Columbia  and  Willamette  rivers,  marsh  lands  in  Southern 
and  East  Central  Oregon,  and  the  alkalied  lands  of  Eastern  Oregon.  In  all,  there 
are  about  3,000,000  acres  of  wet  lands,  all  now^  feasible  to  drain.  In  addition  to 
this  there  are  in  Oregon-  3,000,000  to  4,000,000  acres  of  irrigable  lands,  undeveloped, 
for  which  there  is  water.  The  proper  development  of  these  lands  of  course  requires 
the  best  of  engineering  skill. 

The  department  of  Irrigation  Engineering  has  cooperated  with  the  depart- 
ment of  Soils  in  assisting  in  the  technical  and  advisory  work  of  organizing  projects 
in  Oregon  aggregating  24,600  acres.     The  department  has  also  conducted  exten- 

45 


MAKING  MOLDS  IN  THE  FOUNDRY.      THE  CASTINGS  THAT  WERE   MADE   IN  THESE  MOLDS 


sion  schools  to  teach  the  farmers  the  proper  method  of  measuring  water,  I  he  best 
methods  of  delivering  water,  the  maintenance  of  irrigation  structures,  and  the 
proper  crops  to  grow  on  irrigated  lands. 

The  department  is  training  men  for  the  great  work  of  developing  the  water 
power  and  irrigation  projects  of  Oregon,  which  are  potentially  so  vast  that  the 
services  of  thousands  of  engineers  will  be  necessary  to  carry  them  to  completion. 
When  they  are  in  operation,  however,  the  income  from  the  added  resources  would 
pay  the  cost  of  public  education  a  hundred  fold  each  year. 

STRUCTURAL  ENGINEERING 

Engineers  for  designing  and  constructing  bridges  and  modern  steel  buildings 
cannot  be  trained  fast  enough  to  meet  the  growing  need  for  such  work  in  the  expand- 
ing industries  of  Oregon.  While  a  strong  group  of  students  is  pursuing  this  work 
now,  and  will  ultimately  render  good  service  to  the  state  in  the  practice  of  their 
profession,  they  cannot  care  for  the  Increasing  volume  of  business.  Oregon  is 
just  at  the  beginning,  apparently,  of  a  great  renewal  of  building  projects. 

ELECTRICAL  ENGINEERING 

The  use  of  electricity  is  becoming  so  nearly  universal  in  industry,  even  on 
the  farms,  that  there  is  a  much  more  general  need  than  formerly  for  trained  elec- 
tricians outside  of  the  great  electrical  corporations,  which  only  recently  employed 
almost  all  the  graduates  of  electrical  engineering.  Hydro-electric  plants,  city 
electric  systems.  Industrial  electric  generators,  automobile  electric  service,  wiring 
and  Installation  work  for  new  buildings,  and  the  general  utility  service  of  electrical 
apparatus  and  fixtures,  take  the  brains  and  the  labor  of  many  men  trained  In 
electricity.  Hence  the  real  need  of  giving  scientific  training  in  this  field  to  more 
men  than  could  formerly  be  usefully  employed  In  the  profession.  Electrical  power 
Is  becoming  a  larger  and  more  efficient  factor  In  such  Industries  as  lumber  manu- 
facture, shipbuilding,  Irrigation,  and  shop  work;  and  the  services  of  the  men 
trained  at  O.  A.  C.  In  this  work  are  In  Increasing  demand. 


MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING 

The  department  of  jMechanical  Engineering  of  the  College  was  the  first  to 
substitute  the  four-year  course  in  engineering  for  the  old  system  of  two  years  of 
general  science  with  only  two  years  of  practical  engineering.  Since  the  new  plan 
was  put  Into  effect  enrollment  In  the  department  has  Increased  enormously,  having 
risen  from  97  students  in  1917  to  223  In  1919 — an  Increase  of  310  percent.  Fin- 
ancial engineering  was  originated  In  this  department  and  is  a  subject  taught,  until 
the  present  year,  nowhere  except  at  O.  A.  C. 

45 


t£L^..'-,j: 


FEATURES  OF  INSPECTION  DAY  PARADE  AT  O.  A.   C.  WHICH  HAS  AGAIN  BEEN  RANKED  AS 

A   DISTINGUISHED   INSTITUTION 


F.XTKNSION    KNCHNKKRINC 

Many  op')cratIng  engineer's  of  Portland  have  reached  professional  rank  through 
extension  engineering  service,  which  was  started  five  years  ago  in  answer  to  insistent 
demand.  The  work  has  grown  steadily  ever  since.  It  consists  of  lectures  and 
problems  given  to  the  engineers  by  members  of  the  College  faculty.  The  enroll- 
ment averages  60  men  with  an  attendance  often  reaching  twice  the  number.  Most 
of  this  engineering  service  is  given  under  the  auspices  of  the  International  Union 
of  Steam  and  Operating  Engineers.  Those  who  have  advanced  to  the  professional 
ranks  have  received  their  state  professional  engineer's  license  through  the  extension 
service.  All  who  have  taken  the  work  are  enthusiastic  over  its  continuance,  and 
some  have  doubled  their  incomes  as  a  consequence  of  the  training. 

INDUSTRIAL  ARTS 

The  department  of  Industrial  Arts  trains  all  engineering  students  in  shop 
work,  all  teachers  of  manual  training  and  the  mechanic  arts,  and  all  vocationals 
who  are  preparing  to  enter  the  trades  but  do  not  desire  to  take  full  engineering 
courses.  Men  who  have  received  training  in  the  shops  have  made  good,  as  is 
evidenced  by  the  demand  for  O.  A.  C.  trained  men  by  ship  yards  and  factories 
and  by  the  Federal  Government.  Students  who  are  graduates  from  standard 
high  schools  and  have  taken  the  teachers'  training  course,  command  salaries  of 
$2,000.  Eighty  men,  most  of  them  ex-soldiers  receiving  state  and  Federal  aid, 
are  being  trained  in  auto  mechanics. 

CHEMICAL  ENGINEERING 

During  the  war  America  worked  out  its  chemical  independence  of  Europe 
and  now  stands  on  a  new  basis  of  productive  power  by  reason  of  its  achievements 
in  applying  chemistry  to  industry.  Through  the  necessities  of  war  American 
chemists  built  up  many  new  industries  and  improved  many  old  ones.  Since  the 
war  they  have  been  putting  their  efforts  to  the  task  of  utilizing  waste  materials, 
and  reducing  costs.  By  the  use  of  lithopone  and  tilaneum,  for  instacne,  they  have 
been  able  to  make  paint  without  the  high-priced  leads  and  zincs,  thus  keeping 
down  the  price  of  paint  to  $3  or  $4.  a  gallon,  which  otherwise  would  be  four  or  five 
times  this  amount.  Experiments  recently  made  promise  to  evolve  insecticides  in 
which  the  use  of  calcium  magnesium  instead  of  lead  will  greatly  reduce  the  costs 
of  spraying.  These  are  but  single  instances  of  many  that  the  industrial  chemist 
has  evolved  to  lower  the  cost  of  scientific  farming. 

The  department  of  Chemical  Engineering  at  the  College,  now  firmly  estab- 
lished, is  rendering  substantial  service  to  the  state  by  training  young  men  to  apply 
to  the  problems  of  Oregon's  industries  the  modern  discoveries  of  chemistry. 

47 


FORESTRY 

That  an  education  in  the  School  of  Forestry  at  the  College  is  a  paying  invest- 
ment is  evidenced  by  the  positions  of  responsibility  held  by  the  men  who  have 
graduated  from  the  courses  in  Forestry  and  Logging  Engineering.  At  least  twelve 
of  the  graduates  of  the  School  who  have  finished  within  three  years  are  now  receiv- 
ing salaries  from  twenty-five  hundred  to  four  thousand  dollars  in  the  logging 
industry.  Others  are  holding  positions  of  influence  in  the  Federal  Forest  Service 
and  in  the  State  Service,  but  are  receiving  smaller  compensation. 

Many  of  the  men  who  have  gone  through  the  School  have  entered  branches 
of  work  other  than  those  in  which  they  prepared  themselves.  For  example,  one 
man  is  president  of  a  national  bank,  two  others  are  cashiers  in  banks,  while  others 
are  engaged  in  merchandising  forest  products.  To  be  specific  in  some  other  in- 
stances, one  man  is  deputy  state  forester,  another  is  chief  engineer  for  a  big  logging 
corporation,  while  others  are  rapidly  winning  their  spurs  in  subordinate  engineering 
positions. 

"I  have  always  felt,"  writes  the  Dean  of  the  School,  "that  a  forestry  education 
prepared  the  graduates  for  fitting  into  life  in  almost  any  capacity,  and  the  more 
I  review  the  work  of  the  graduates  the  more  I  am  convinced  that  my  view  is  correct." 
•  Oregon's  vast  resources  in  standing  timber  insures  a  splendid  future  for  the 
lumber  and  forest  interests  of  the  state,  if  wise  policies  of  conservation  and  use 
are  employed.  The  School  of  Forestry  has  an  earnest  desire  to  foster  these  wise 
policies,  and  has  the  confidence  and  cooperation  of  the  great  forest  interests  of 
the  Northwest. 


THE  FORESTRY  BUILDING 

48 


HOME  ECONOMICS 

The  School  of  Home  Economics  has  strengthened  and  brightened  thousands 
of  -homes,  introduced  modern  methods  of  household  economy  to  thousands  of 
students  in  secondary  schools,  and  carried  the  message  of  scientific  nutrition,  child 
welfare,  home  nursing,  and  household  economy  to  communities  and  homes  in 
nearly  every  rural  district  of  Oregon. 

In  the  last  five  years  more  than  14  thousand  of  the  25  million  homes  of  the 
United  States  have  been  strengthened  and  brightened  by  the  College  through  its 
349  graduates  of  home  economics.  Sixty  percent  of  these  women  follow  teaching, 
giving  instruction  to  an  average  of  40  students  every  year  in  the  science  of  home- 
making.  On  the  basis  of  four  members  to  the  family  this  means  that  56  thousand 
persons  have  been  more  comfortably  and  profitably  fed,  clothed  and  sheltered  by 
indirect  College  influence.  An  additional  1066  homes  with  four  times  this  number 
of  persons  have  been  reached  directly  through  the  1066  individual  young  women 
who  have  received  instruction  at  the  College  in  the  five-year  period. 


»■«■      B    IJ 


^i'li:? 


ii« 


EAST  WING  OF  HOME  ECONOMICS  BUILDING  FROM   AGRONOMY  ENTRANCE. 


In  five  counties  of  Oregon  home  demonstration  agents  carry  the  help  of  the 
College  to  the  women  through  resident  work  in  the  county.  In  counties  having 
no  women  as  agents  of  the  College,  assistance  is  rendered  directly  from  the  in- 
stitution by  two  women  of  the  staff  who  devote  their  time  to  extension  service. 
Just  so  far  as  these  two  women  can  answer  the  calls  for  work  which  the  women  of 
Oregon  want,  it  is  being  done. 

In  a  democracy  like  Oregon,  where  women  share  with  men  the  responsibilities 
of  government,  there  is  a  peculiar  reason  why  young  women  should  be  trained  for 
civic  as  well  as  domestic  duties.     Nothing  so  completely  fits  a  young  woman  for 

these  duties  as  a  thorough  course  in  home  economics.  It  combines 
Home  an  appreciation  of  the  duties  of  the  home  and  family  with  those 

Economics  of  American  social  and  civic  institutions;  and  it  gives  training  in 

Trammg  is  Best  ^-^^  fundamental  sciences  and  technical  industries  that  are  essential 

to  the  interests  of  the  modern  woman.  Whether  the  young  woman 
desires  no  other  distinction  than  that  of  being  a  consummate  artist  in  the  conduct 
of  a  modern  home,  with  all  its  internal  refinements  and  responsibilities,  and  its 


THE  MOVING  LINE  OF  APPLICANTS  FOR  REGISTRATION  ON  OPENING  DAY 

50 


external  excursions  into  the  lield  of  social  service  and  coniniunily  (jrganizalion,  or 
aspires  to  a  professional  career  as  teacher,  extension  worker,  dietitian,  institutional 
manager,  or  expert  in  the  various  fields  of  household  art,  she  can  take  no  college 
course  so  rich  in  subject  matter  as  a  broadly  organized  course  in  home  economics. 

The  School  of  Home  Economics  at  the  Oregon  Agricultural  College  was  not 
only  one  of  the  first  regularly  organized  schools  of  this  character  in  the  country, 
but  it  has  always  been  a  pioneer  in  offering  new  and  approved  phases  of  home 
economics  work  under  competent  instruction.     It  was  one  of  the 
O.  A.  C.   a  first  schools  to  occupy  an  adequately  equipped  building  devoted 

Pioneer  in  Home  exclusively  to  home  economics  work;  one  of  the  first  to  establish 
Economics  ^  practice  house,  an  institutional  boarding  house,  and  a  depart- 

ment of  experimental  research;  and  to  carry  out  a  broad  program 
of  extension  work  throughout  the  State.  It  is  obvious,  therefore,  that  the  young 
women  of  Oregon  have  the  opportunity  to  receive  at  their  State  College  an  educa- 
tion in  home  economics  thoroughly  standard  among  the  institutions  of  higher 
learning  in  America. 


AN  AUTUMN  TWILIGHT  NEAR  THE  LIBRARY 
51 


TWO  VIEWS  OF  THE  FIRE  ASSAYING  LABORATORY.   MINES  BUILDING 

52 


MINING  ENGINEERING 

The  modern  age  is  primarily  a  metal-using  age.  Oregon  has  undoubted  metal- 
producing  resources.  She  has  already  contributed  165  million  dollars  to  the  metal 
wealth  of  the  world.  Yet  Oregon's  mineral  wealth  has  as  yet  scarcely  been  scratched, 
so  far  as  geologic  knowledge  is  concerned.  Investigation  of  these  resources  is 
dependent  on  trained  mining  engineers.  For  mining,  like  other  modern  industries, 
is  passing  rapidly  from  the  control  of  men  who  were  trained  only  through  ap- 
prenticeship in  the  field  to  graduates  of  mining  colleges.  Hence  O.  A.  C.  is  per- 
forming a  necessary  function  in  training  mining  engineers  for  Oregon's  own  mineral 
development. 

Oregon's  geological  conditions  are  essentially  the  same  as  those  of  California, 
Washington  and  Idaho.  Yet  Washington  has  turned  out  four  times  the  mineral 
wealth  that  Oregon  has  produced  and  California  has  turned  out  twenty  times  as 
much.  This  is  due  to  the  fact  that  our  neighbors  to  the  north  and  south  of  us  have 
for  years  invested  vastly  more  money  than  Oregon  in  investigating  their  mineral 
resources.  Oregon  has  in  recent  years  made  a  splendid  beginning  in  this  direction, 
and  through  authentic  surveys  of  her  mineral  resources  and  the  training  of  men 
who  have  the  knowledge  and  leadership  to  develop  these  resources,  she  seems  on 
the  eve  of  a  great  awakening  in  mining  operations. 

The  trained  graduates  being  turned  out  by  her  School  of  Mines,  moreover,  will 
be  devoting  their  lives  to  the  problems  of  how  to  discover,  mine,  and  convert  to 
practical  commercial  use  the  various  metals;  the  minerals,  such  as  coal,  limestone, 
graphite;  and  the  building  and  ornamental  stones.  They  will  have  exceptional 
opportunities  both  for  self  development  and  for  service  to  the  State. 


"An  analysis  of  what  has  been  accomplished  by  introducing  into  the  school  a  knowledge  of 
agriculture,  it  seems  to  me,  will  demonstrate  that  it  has  been  of  more  benefit,  especially  in  this  great 
western  country  of  ours,  than  any  other  undertaking  which  the  educator  has  had  in  hand  within  a 
very  long  period  of  time.  I  was  asked  the  other  day  how  I  accounted  for  the  fact  that  in  the  West, 
and  especially  *  *  *  on  the  Pacific  Coast,  there  had  been  brought  about  such  a  marked  difference  in 
the  condition  of  the  agricultural  interests.  My  reply  was  this:  that  *  *  *  there  had  been  a  great  light 
seen  by  the  farmers  of  this  country,  and  for  that  light  the  educators  in  our  state  institutions  were  to 
a  very  large  degree  responsible  That  until  there  was  taught  in  these  institutions  a  scientific  knowledge 
of  farming,  a  knowledge  of  what  the  soil  consisted  of,  of  what  the  soil  was  best  adapted  to,  and  the  kin- 
dred things  which  are  essential  to  successful  farming,  the  farmer  went  at  his  work  in  a  haphazard  way, 
planting  a  crop  here  and  a  crop  there,  without  any  knowledge  as  to  whether  that  particular  crop  was 
fitted  for  that  particular  soil,  and  without  knowing  whether  there  ought  to  be  from  time  to  time  either 
changes  in  the  crop  planted  or  in  the  fertilizing  of  the  soil;  and  that  through  this  schooling,  there  had 
come,  as  an  additional  means  of  making  the  farmer  more  successful,  the  growing  of  a  variety  of  crops. 

"I  gave,  as  another  reason  why  there  was  so  much  wealth  being  produced  in  the  West,  the  fact 
that  the  schools  had  taught  the  sience  of  metallurgy  and  had  applied  chemistry  to  the  mining  of  metals, 
so  that  ores  which  a  few  years  ago  were  considered  of  little  or  no  value,  now,  by  processes  which  have 
been  applied  through  a  knowledge  of  the  science  of  mining  gained  in  the  schools,  were  made  of  very 
great  value." — James  H.  Eckles,  President  of  Commercial  National  Bank,  Chicago. 

53 


CAUTHORN  HALL 

54 


INTERIOR  VIEW  OF  COLLEGE   LIBRARY 
55 


56 


PHARMACY 

Every  one  of  the  163  men  and  women  who  have  been  graduated  in  Pharmacy 
at  the  College  has  applied  for  and  passed  successfully  the  examinations  of  the 
Oregon  State  Board  of  Pharmacy.  Not  one  of  these  who  applied  for  examinations 
before  other  state  boards  failed  to  pass.  Certification  by  the  Oregon  board  qualifies 
graduates  for  practice  of  Pharmacy  in  43  other  states.  Although  these  trained 
pharmacists  are  now  engaged  in  pharmaceutical  work  and  in  research  work  in 
chemistry  and  medicine  chiefly  in  Oregon,  the  demand  for  graduates  is  far  greater 
than  the  supply.  The  training  offered  by  the  College  meets  the  highest  require- 
ments In  the  entire  country.  The  work  is  rated  as  Class  A  and  is  comparable  with 
that  of  Columbia  University  and  all  large  state  universities  such  as  Michigan  and 
Onio.  The  school  lacks  much-desired  facilities  for  rendering  laboratory  service  to 
citizens  of  the  State,  and  for  research  work  that  would  be  of  great  industrial  value 
to  a  country  so  fortunately  situated  in  respect  to  climate  and  vegetable  life. 
Requests  for  analysis  of  Oregon  medicinal  plants  to  determine  If  they  have  standard 
medicinal  properties  and  are  safe  to  use,  come  to  the  College  almost  every  week 
but  have  to  be  returned  unanswered  because  of  lack  of  facilities  for  doing  the  work. 
There  are  a  number  of  drugs  Indigenous  to  Oregon  which  could  be  sold  with  profit 
If  they  could  be  standardized  before  shipment.  Problems  such  as  these  now  wait 
only  for  the  erection  of  new  buildings  on  the  campus,  when  the  School  of  Phar- 
macy will  be  provided  with  all  necessary  facilities  for  serving  the  people  of  the 
state  as  it  has  long  desired  to  do. 


WOMEN'S  GYMNASIUM,  FROM  SCIENCE  HALL 


57 


Large  Funds 
for  Vocational 
Education 


VOCATIONAL  EDUCATION 

No  field  of  education  today  offers  larger  opportunities  for  success  than  that 
of  the  departments  included  in  the  Smith-Hughes  Federal  plan  of  promoting 
industrial  education  in  the  several  states.  Oregon  is  receiving  large  sums  of 
money  from  the  United  States  Government  for  the  promotion  of 
industrial  education,  and  will  continue  to  receive  money  in  still 
larger  amounts  as  the  work  develops  and  the  school  population 
increases.  A  total  of  over  $40,000  will  be  expended  by  the  Federal 
Government  and  a  like  amount  by  the  State  of  Oregon  for  the 
next  two  years  in  support  of  Smith-Hughes  types  of  vocational  education;  an 
equal  amount  will  be  expended  by  the  local  communities  where  this  work  is  main- 
tained. The  funds  are  devoted  partly  to  the  training  of  vocational  teachers  and 
partly  to  the  maintenance  of  instruction  in  those  secondary  schools  of  the  State 
that  undertake  the  Smith-Hughes  work. 

Teachers  to  carry  on  the  work  in  agriculture,  trades  and  industries,  commercial 
subjects,  home  economics,  and  manual  training,  are  already  very  difficult  to  find. 

The  work  requires  technical  training  combined  with  pedagogical 
Many  Teachers  qualifi.cations.  The  new  laws  raising  the  age  of  compulsory 
Will  be  Needed     education  to  eighteen  years  will  require  many  more  teachers  in 

the  states  of  the  Northwest.  Hence  there  will  be  need  for  even 
a  larger  number  of  teachers  than  in  the  past,  and  the  College  has  never  yet  been 
able  to  supply  all  the  teachers  it  has  been  asked  to  supply. 

Three  classes  of  students  will  be  especially  adaptable  for  leading  positions  in 

this  new  field:    (i)  Normal  graduates  who  add  shop  training  to  their  pedagogical 

training.     (2)  Craftsmen,  who  add  to  their  technical  training  the 

pedagogical  training  offered  in  the  School  of  Vocational  Education. 

(3)  Graduates  of  technical  schools  who  add  the  study  of  psychology 

and  pedagogy  to  their  technical  training  and  acquire  the  requisite 

amount  of  practice  teaching.     There  will  be  no  limit  to  the  demand  for  teachers 

with  such  qualifications,  and  their  opportunities  for  success  are  unparalleled. 


Types  to  Make 
True  Leaders 


''The  agricultural  colleges  throughout  America  are  increasing  the  product  of  the  land  coming  under 
heir  immediate  influence  to  an  extent  that  seems  little  less  than  a  miracle.  The  growth  in  production  of  the 
American  farms  and  gardens  resulting  from  the  work  of  the  agricultural  colleges  will  annually  pay  a  hundred 
told  the  cost  of  such  education." — 7\  A.  Mott,  Superintendent  of  Schools,  Richmond,  Ind. 

''You  teachers  make  the  whole  world  your  debtor,  and  *  *  *  if  you  did  not  do  your  work  well,  this 
republic  would  not  outlast  the  span  of  a  generation." — Theodore  Roosevelt. 

"In  the  long  run,  and  as  a  whole,  vje  are  going  to  go  up  or  go  down  together." — Roosevelt. 

"If  one  set  of  our  fellow  citizens  is  degraded,  you  can  be  absolutely  certain  that  the  degradation  zvill 
spread  to  all  of  us." — Roosevelt. 


58 


THE   C)R1<X;()N    \()'ri':R\S   OPINION 

"It  is  no  idle  fancy  that  there  is  a  close  ratio  between  education  and  property  values.  Property 
\alucs  arc  far  higher  in  those  states  which  have  tine  schools  and  colleges  than  they  are  in  those  states 
which  have  been  indiflFerent  to  education.  Among  northern  states  as  well  as  southern  there  have  been 
several  which  have  skimped  on  educational  taxes.  They  are  known  as  the  "backward  states,"  and 
property  values  in  them  are  far  below  what  they  are  in  the  progressive  states  which  have  not  grudged 
educational  support.  The  reason  is  that  people  who  have  means  to  buy  property  as  a  rule  prefer  to 
buy  it  where  the  educational  advantages  are  well  established  and  substantially  supported.  States, 
counties,  communities  or  neighborhoods  which  neglect  education  have  gone  to  seed  on  property  values 
as  well  as  in  moral  values.  The  matter  is  therefore  one  of  concern  to  the  taxpayer  from  a  strictly  financial 
viewpoint." — Oregon  Voter,  May  i,  1920. 

»  "That  the  Agricultural  College  has  made  good  all  along  the  line  is  generally  admitted,  although 
some  credence  has  been  given  to  a  false  idea  that  farmer  students  who  attend  it  do  not  return  to  the 
soil.  The  contrary  is  the  fact.  It  is  true  that  many  graduates  temporarily  take  positions  as  inspectors, 
instructors  or  assistants,  with  the  purpose  of  earning  money  with  which  to  go  to  farming,  but  even  so, 
more  agricultural  graduates  actually  return  at  once  to  the  farm  than  take  salaried  positions.  This  has 
been  investigated  repeatedly,  and  the  facts  clearly  contradict  the  false  notion  that  the  college  educates 
farmers'  boys  away  from  instead  of  towards  the  farm.  The  scientific  information  and  the  enthusiasm 
for  livestock,  dairying,  poultrying,  horticulture  and  farm  management  imparted  at  the  College  tend 
to  make  farm  careers  seem  far  more  attractive  to  the  graduates  than  they  seem  to  farm  boys  who  have 
been  denied  these  educational  advantages. 

"In  animal  husbandry,  96%  of  the  graduates  of  the  past  twelve  years  are  in  agricultural  work; 
73%  are  on  farms  and  57%  are  on  the  home  farms  whence  they  went  to  college.  Many  of  these  young 
men  now  farming  came  originally  from  city  homes  and  acquired  their  farming  enthusiasm  at  the  College. 
A  questionnaire  sent  to  all  members  of  last  year's  graduating  class  of  the  school  of  agriculture  revealed 
that  95%  intended  to  go  into  practical  farming. 

"Yet,  from  the  standpoint  of  the  public  and  the  good  of  agriculture,  it  would  be  a  misfortune  if  all 
the  agricultural  graduates  went  immediately  into  the  farming  business  for  themselves.  They  are  so 
few,  comparatively,  that  their  personal  efforts  if  confined  solely  to  their  own  farms  would  make  no 
great  change  in  the  total  agricultural  production  of  the  state,  and  they  alone,  rather  than  the  public, 
would  reap  the  emolument  from  their  training.  It  is  in  the  public  interest  that  among  the  agricultural 
graduates  are  a  proportion  who  become  professional  instructors  in  agriculture,  passing  their  training 
along  to  scores  of  others  in  the  high  schools  and  grammar  schools,  and  as  county  agents  and  industrial 
club  leaders.  Thus  they  multiply  the  value  of  the  training  given  them  by  the  taxpayers." — Oregon 
Voter,  May  i,  1920. 


DEMONSTRATION  FIELD  PLOTS 
59 


THE   1920  PAGEANT.      INCIDENTS  IN   THE  HISTORY  OF  OREGON 

60 


SERVICE   DEPARTMENTS 

English,  modern  languages,  art  and  architecture,  physics,  chemistry,  mathe- 
matics, and  all  the  various  courses  that  furnish  the  essentials  of  a  complete 
education,  are  part  of  the  College  curriculum  and  taught  by  competent  instructors. 
In  addition,  there  are  certain  special  fields  of  training  or  agencies  for  the  accom- 
modation of  the  student  that  deserve  a  word  of  comment. 

Physical  Education.  Though  physical  education  is  offered  only  as  a  minor  in 
connection  with  other  courses — Home  Economics,  Commerce,  or  Pharmacy  for 
women — the  instruction  offered,  especially  in  community  games  and  sports,  and 
in  public-school  exercises  in  folk  dancing  and  playground  activities,  has  in  recent 
ye^rs  equipped  many  a  young  man  or  woman  for  leadership  in  socializing  the 
school  or  community.  New  courses  planned  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  new  laws 
requiring  physical  education  in  the  schools,  are  already  proving  very  attractive 
to  students. 

The  College  Health  Service  provides  the  services  of  a  resident  physician  and  a 
resident  trained  nurse  for  the  benefit  of  all  students,  without  cost  to  them  except 
through  the  regular  fees  collected  at  the  beginning  of  each  term. 

The  Student  Loan  Funds  provide  a  convenient  and  authoritative  means  of 
helping  worthy  and  needy  students  to  meet  obligations  that  otherwise  might 
Involve  their  discontinuance  of  College  work.  The  loans,  which  aggregate  many 
thousands  of  dollars,  draw  interest  at  only  four  percent. 

Industrial  Journalism^  which  aims  to  fit  students  to  prepare  copy  for  the  press 
from  the  point  of  view  of  the  Industries,  such  as  engineering,  farming,  etc..  Is  a 
regularly  established  course  at  the  College  which  may  be  pursued  as  a  minor  in 
connection  with  any  of  the  degree  courses. 

The  Reserve  Officers''  Training  Corps  provides  the  most  approved  type  of  military 
training  designed  to  supply  officers  for  the  army.  All  students  who  join  the  corps 
have  their  military  uniforms  provided  by  the  Government,  and  all  juniors  and 
seniors  who  pursue  the  work  beyond  the  first  two  years  receive  $12.00  a  month 
for  subsistence.  As  part  of  the  R.  O.  T.  C.  a  unit  of  field  artillery,  with  an  equip- 
ment valued  at  $500,000,  is  established  at  the  College.  Other  units  are  the  Infantry 
Engineers,  Motor  Transport  and  Cavalry. 

Music  Is  taught  by  a  corps  of  accomplished  musicians  whose  special  pedagogical 
and  technical  training,  under  distinguished  masters,  makes  them  efficient  Instructors 
of  their  art.  Training  in.  the  band,  orchestra,  glee  club,  and  madrigal  club  Is  free 
to  all  qualified  students.  For  Information  concerning  terms  for  private  and  class 
instruction  consult  the  College  Catalogue. 

61 


>^''^: 


Jdeautiful  (j^regon 

nn 

O  land  of  lure  and  plenty 

"Where  rolls  the  Oregon," 
Where  life  is.  young  and  twenty 

And  day  is  at  the  dawn, 
When  I  behold  your  beauty 

It  stirs  my  heart  with  awe 
And  bids  me  forth  to  duty 

For  life  and  love  and  law. 

For  oh,  I  love  you,  beautiful  Oregon, 
Wonderland  of  wilderness  and  lea, 
The  heavens  above  you  have  set  their  hearts  upon 
The  glory  of  your  mountains  and  your  sea. 
Your  soul  is  dreaming 
Where  lakes  are  gleaming 
And  moonlight  streaming 

On  peaks  of  snow; 
And  though  I  wander. 
Of  thee  I  ponder 
And  grow  still  fonder 
Where'er  I  go. 
For  oh,  I  love  you,  beautiful  Oregon, 
Wonderland  of  wilderness  and  lea, 
The  heavens  above  you  have  set  their  hearts  upon 
The  glory  of  your  mountains  and  your  sea. 


62 


What  wild  anticipation, 

O  faithful  pioneers, 
Was  still  your  inspiration 

Through  all  your  questing  years. 
As  o'er  these  snowy  mountains 

You  pressed  your  lonely  way 
And  drank  the  crystal  fountains 

That  flow  for  us  to-day. 

Who  does  not  love  to  dally 

'Mid  Jackson's  purpling  vines 
Or  in  the  golden  valley 

Where  Hood's  clear  water  shines: 
Who  does  not  joy  to  measure 

The  wealth  Wallowa  knows 
Or  view  the  varied  treasure 

Where  old  Willamette  flows. 

Sweet  realm  of  forest  reaches 

And  blooming  orchard  glade. 
Of  sounding  ocean  beaches 

And  glens  of  golden  shade; 
I  hear  your  voices  calling. 

Like  thunder  through  the  foam. 
The  voice  of  love  enthralling 

To  win  the  sailor  home. 


E.  T.  R. 


63 


OUTLINE  OF  COURSES  OF  STUDY 


I.  FOUR-YEAR  CURRICULA  (B.S.  DEGREE): 

In  the  School  of  Agriculture,  major  courses  in — 

(a)  Agriculture  (general)  (t)  Farm  Management 

(b)  Agricultural  Chemistry  (j)  Farm  Mechanics 

(c)  Animal  Husbandry  (k)  Horticulture 

(d)  Bacteriology  (/)    Landscape  Gardening 

(e)  Botany  and  Plant  Pathology  (m)  Poultry  Husbandry 
(/)  Dairy  Husbandry  (n)  Soils 

(g)   Entomology  (o)  Zoology  and  Physiology 

(h)  Farm  Crops 

In  the  School  of  Commerce,  major  courses  in — 

(a)  Business  Administration  (c)   Political  Science 

(b)  Economics  and  Sociology  (d)  Office  Training,  Stenography 

In  the  School  of  Engineering,  major  courses  in — 
(a)  Civil  Engineering —  (b)  Electrical  Engineering 

Highway  Engineering  (c)  Industrial  Arts 

Irrigation  Engineering  (d)  Mechanical  Engineering 

Structural  Engineering 
In  the  School  of  Forestry,  major  courses  in — 
(a)  General  Forestry  (b)  Logging  Engineering 

In  the  School  of  Home  Economics,  major  courses  in — 


id) 


Household  Administration 
Institutional  Management 


(f)  Mining  Engineering 


(a)  Household  Art 

(b)  Household  Science 

L.  the  School  of  Mines,  major  courses  in- 

(a)  Geology 

(b)  Metallurgy 

In  the  School  of  Pharmacy,  major  courses  in — 
(a)  Pharmacy 

In  the  School  of  Vocational  Education,  major  courses  in — 

(a)  Agricultural  Education  (c)  Home  Economics  Education 

(b)  Commercial  Education  (d)  Industrial  Education 

In  the  Department  of  Chemical  Engineering,  major  courses  in — 
(a)  Chemical  Engineering 

II.  GRADUATE  CURRICULA  (M.S.,  M.E.,  E.E.,  and  C  E.  DEGREES). 

III.  THREE-YEAR  AND   TWO-YEAR   CURRICULA   IN    PHARMACY    (Ph.C.    and    Ph.G. 

DEGREES). 

IV.  VOCATIONAL  CURRICULA,  as  follows: 

A.  General  Agriculture  (three-month,  six-month,  and  one-year  courses). 

B.  Horticulture  (three-month,  six-month,  and  one-year  courses). 

C.  Dairy  Manufactures,  short  course  (12  weeks). 

D.  Tractor  Operation  (four-week  and  twelve-week  courses  repeated  each  term). 

E.  Business  Short  Course  (two-year  Vocational  Curriculum  in  Commerce). 

F.  Dietitians'  Curriculum  (one  year). 

G.  Homemakers'  Curriculum  (one  year). 

H.  Forestry  Short  Course  (November  3  to  April  16). 
I.  Mechanic  Arts  Vocational  Curriculum  (one  year). 
J.  Auto  Mechanics  (twelve-week  and  one-year  courses). 

V.  SCHOOL  OF  MUSIC  (Voice,  piano,  pipe-organ,  violin,  orchestra,  and  band  instruments). 

VI.  C0UR5ES  IN  THE  RESERVE  OFFICERS'  TRAINING  CORPS  leading  to  commissions  in 

the  Officers'  Reserve  Corps,  United  States  Army,  in  Infantry,  Field  Artillery,  Engineers,  Motor 
Transport  Corps,  and  Cavalry. 

Fall  term  opens  September  20,  1920.     Tuition  is  free. 

Write  to  The  Registrar,  Oregon  Agricultural  College,  Corvallis. 


3  0112  105896101 


m 


